370 Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society, 



Discinocaris, two species ; Peltocaris, one species ; and Pinno- 

 caris, one species.^ 



The occurrence of such an array of IsTebalid forms in the 

 uppermost Silurian rocks is a very significant fact, when, as 

 will be shown, the remains of Schizopods and forms inter- 

 mediate between Schizopods and other existing groups of 

 higher Crustacea are equally abundant in our Lower Car- 

 boniferous strata, the next formation in Scotland in the 

 order of time that can with certainty be looked on as marine, 

 the Old Red Sandstone being considered by several eminent 

 geologists to have been deposited in land-locked basins. 



SCHIZOPODA. 



Prior to the period in review, the Scottish Carboniferous 

 rocks had yielded several forms of the higher Crustacea. 

 The germs Anthrapalcemon was made by Salter in 1856 ^ 

 to contain two species of prawn-like forms from the Coal- 

 Measures of Lanarkshire, and Palmocrangon socialist was 

 the name given by Salter to a shrimp-like animal obtained 

 by the late Rev. D. Brown from the Calciferous Sandstone 

 at Ardross, on the coast of Fife.* Salter considered these 

 to be Decapods. Huxley made the genus Pygocephalus to 

 hold a peculiar Crustacean, with wide sternites to the trunk, 

 and other Schizopod characters, which he placed in that 

 order.^ A third species of Anthrapalcemon was made in 

 1877 by R. Etheridge, jun., from specimens obtained by the 

 late J. Bennie from Lower Carboniferous rocks near Dunbar; 

 and a fourth species, A. Macconochii, was afterwards added 

 from carapaces got by Mr Macconochie from the Calciferous 

 Sandstone group of Liddesdale. 



While working in Eskdale in 1879 and 1880, Mr 

 Macconochie discovered the now famous "Scorpion bed" 

 in the Lower Carboniferous shales at Glencartholm, near 

 Langholm, from which he obtained a large suite of the 

 remains of higher Crustacea. He also gathered Crustacean 



1 3Iem. Geol. Sur,, *'The Silurian Rocks of Britain," p. 671, 1899. 



2 Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc, vol. xvii. p. 528, 1861. ^ j^^^^^ p, 53. 

 * Tram. Eoy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxii. p. 394. 



» Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc, vol. xiii. p. 363, 1857. 



