President's Address. 371 



remains from the Lower Carboniferous rocks of Liddesdale 

 and Berwickshire. These were partly described by me in 

 the papers before the Eoyal Society of Edinburgh in 1880 

 and 1882, and published in their Transactions} In these 

 papers four new species of AnthrajpalceTnon and two new 

 species of Palceocrangon were described, a new genus Psevdo- 

 galathea was formed to hold the A. Macconochii of Etheridge, 

 to which another species was added, and all were assigned 

 by me to the Decapoda. A form showing mixed Schizopod 

 characters was considered to belong to the genus Palceo- 

 caris, Meek and Worthen, and named P. scoticus. 



Erom subsequent study of the old material, as well as 

 of many hundreds of new specimens, gathered by Messrs 

 A. Macconochie and J. Ehodes from the Lower Carboniferous 

 rocks of the Scottish and English borders, by Mr Wm. 

 Anderson, from Ardross, and by Mr Paton, from East 

 Kilbride, I have been compelled to modify my views re- 

 garding the systematic place assigned to many of the forms. 

 In this change I have been greatly influenced by the study 

 of the Eeport of G. 0. Sars upon the Schizopoda gathered by 

 H.M.S. " Challenger" during its famous voyage. 



In the genus Anthrapalcemon, I found that underneath 

 the portion of the trunk covered by the carapace there are 

 seven or eight pairs of biramose limbs, the endopodites of 

 which end in a simple claw, and none of which are specially 

 modified for prehension nor act as maxillipedes, while the 

 exopodites are in the form of a many-jointed lash. These 

 limbs are attached to very wide sternal plates, as in Pygo- 

 cephalus and the recent Lophogastrids. The carapaces are 

 generally keeled in the same manner as in Gn/ithophausia, 

 and the telson ends in a similar expansion to that found 

 in that genus. Pseudogalathea agrees with Anthrapalcemon 

 in all these respects, and must find a place with it. Both 

 appear to me to be ancient forms of Lophogastrid Schizopods. 

 Huxley's Pygocephalus will also have to be classed with the 

 same group. 



Anthrapalcemon Parhi, Peach, is not an Anthrapalcemon 

 at all. Though in all respects a Schizopod, it has assumed 



1 Trans, Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxx. pp. 73, 512, 1883. 



