74 BULLETIN OF THE 



end of a nascent branch is carried away to the oral side of the " mother 

 polypide," and lays the foundations of another polypide. In like man- 

 ner the embryonic tissue around the " mother polypide " may give rise 

 to one or several additional embryonic masses. He has also (pp. 29- 

 32) shown in the most convincing way that each mass, particularly in 

 the case of secondary buds, consists of two parts, of which one goes to 

 form the polypide ; the other contributes to the further growth of the 

 common cystid and the formation of new embryonic masses. Since 

 here every embryonic mass is in intimate relation with a polypide, and 

 since the polypides arise nearly in one plane, only secondarily moving 

 out fi-om it, the relation of individuals may be expressed by a formula 

 occupying a single line. Braem has thus expressed it: — 



(2) D c ci B c Bi B2 A 



According to the system adopted for Paludicella, this may be given 

 thus : — 



(3) *a*a*b*A*a*B*C^ 

 or, more developed, thus : — ' 



(4) *ai *a *$ *a *a *b *c *A *o *a *b *B *a#C *T> ^ 



in both of which the right hand asterisk (^^) takes the place of the A at 

 the right of Braem's diagram. These symbols denote that we have a 

 mass of indifferent tissue connected with each polypide, or the Anlage of 

 such ; and this indifferent mass, as well as the adjacent polypide, was 

 derived from some other indifferent mass. Thus the masses connected 

 with A, B, C, D are to be regarded as having been cut off from the em- 

 bryonic mass at the extreme right ; and each of these secondarily gives 

 rise to the polypide buds a, b, etc., and their embryonic tissue. Thus 

 we have to do with centrifugal budding only. 



In Cristatella the conditions are essentially similar to those in Pluma- 

 tella, the chief difference being that usually only two polypides with 

 their embryonic masses arise from each polypide. This condition may 

 be represented by the formula : — 



(5) *ai*a*y3*a*a*b [*]A *a *a *b [*]B [^] 



in which the embryonic masses originally attached to A, B, etc., are 

 bracketed to indicate that they are normally no longer active in giving 



