MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 199 



the crest is somewhat flattened, while the latter itself forms one unbroken curve 

 from the base up to the suture, and at the moderately projecting auricle there is 

 only a slight flattening. The inferior columellar lamella is at the end of the col- 

 umella, sometimes wanting or a mere trace. Well worthy of notice is a pecuiiar 

 formation of the surface, the epiconch showing microscopic wrinkles or foliations 

 in the direction of the lines of growth producing a peculiar silky gloss, especially 

 on quite fresh examples, and more in some forms than in others. 



The first two examples of this species I obtained in 1885 from Mr. Henry Moores, 

 of Columbus, Ohio, and in 1889 I saw a few more in his collection. In 1887, Mr. 

 E. W. Roper sent me some others from Massachusetts. Last year in different 

 collections I saw quite a number of specimens from different places in New York 

 near the metropolis, under various names : V. Gouldii, milium, ovata, and also mixed 

 with Bollesiana. Of the Ohio examples the color is somewhat lighter, the callus and 

 the lamellae are strong and white, while in the Eastern examples they are somewhat 

 thinner and more of the color of the shell. The name callosa was thus mainly 

 derived from the Ohio form (which, however, may be regarded as a variety). 



It is with some hesitation, however, that I now bring it under this head ; it is the 

 equivalent of the European V. pjjfjmcea, Drap., of which I have examples for com- 

 parison from different countries of the Old Continent, which I have partly col- 

 lected myself there during a number of years. The two may even be identical ; 

 at least it would be absolutely impossible to distinguish New York examples 

 from most Europeans. Both forms agree also in certain variations of the aper- 

 tural lamellse ; the inferior columellar lamella may be absent in either, or there 

 may be present a small supra-palatal fold, thus rendering the number variable 

 from 4 to 0, the typical, however, being 5. An examination of the soft parts will 

 probably decide the question ; so far I have not had an opportunity to make it. 



On our continent, the range of distribution of the two species — V. Gouldii and 

 callosa — seems to be somewhat different, the former having been found in New 

 York, Ohio, Illinois, and Colorado, the latter from Massachusetts to Ohio. 



Vertigo callosa, Sterki, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, p. 31. 



The above is Sterki's description. 



Vertigo parvula, Sterki. 



Among several hundred small Pupidce collected in Northeastern Ohio (Summit 

 and Lake Counties) by Mr. A. Pettingell, there were two examples of a doubtless 

 new species, which I in the same way named V. parvula. It is about of the size, 

 shape, and appearance of V. (Angustula) viilium, Gould ; but ranges in quite another 

 group, having a quite simple palatal wall and margin, and only three lamellae. 



In Texas, Vertigos seem to be decidedly rare. In many hundreds of Pupidce 

 from that State which Mr. J. A. Singley and Mr. Wm. A. Marsh kindly forwarded 

 me there were only about half a dozen such ; a few milium, one rugosula, one 

 Oscariana, as mentioned above, and one specimen of a form which probably will 

 prove to be a new species of quite peculiar formation. 



Vertigo parvula, Sterki, The Nautilus, 1890, p. 136. 



The above is Sterki's description. 



