art.2. FORMOSA AND PHILIPPINES FISHES—FOWLER AND BEAN. 23 
and lower level with bases of lower pectoral rays. Isthmus width 
about 24 in eye. 
Scales small, narrowly imbricated, caducous, entirely cover chest. 
Well-developed scaly sheaths along bases of spinous dorsal and anal. 
Soft dorsal and anal with series of inconspicuous spines each side 
basally, fin ray between each pair and all directed evenly backward. 
Axillary scaly ventral flap three-fifths of fin, three-fourths length 
of spine. Caudal base finely scaled. Abdomen narrowly com- 
pressed, lower face of preanal spine with median groove, forward 
about last two-fifths in space between ventral and anal origins. 
Chest with firm median keel. Two small keels extend forward from 
ventral bases, parallel. Lateral line convex, extends to caudal base. 
Tubes simple, well exposed, and largely continuous. 
Spinous dorsal inserted opposite pectoral origin, second spine 
longest, others graduated down behind to uniformly low soft dorsal. 
Spinous anal inserted midway between snout tip and caudal base, 
first spine little less than third of second and third but slightly 
shorter. Soft anal like soft dorsal. Caudal well forked, pointed 
lobes about equal. Pectoral pointed, reaches third anal spine base. 
Ventral origin below that of pectoral, fin five-sixths to anal. Front 
basal edges of third dorsal and anal spines finely serrated. 
Color in alcohol largely pale brownish, with blue-gray reflection 
on back. Latter also with number of deeper gray-brown vertical 
bars or streaks. Snout and interorbital dusted with deep brown 
dots, finer on occiput. Sides, lower surface, and iris silvery-white. 
Upper two-thirds of spinous dorsal over first three membranes jet 
black, rest of fin, together with others, pale brown. Slaty-gray line 
parallel with dorsal base close below basal spinous joints. Pectoral 
axil dusted with brown dots. 
Length of largest, 80 mm. 
Three examples. Takao. 
We have compared Sumatran examples in the Academy and found 
all in agreement. 
LEIOGNATHUS LEUCISCUS (Gunther). 
Head, 34 to 3%; depth, 2? to 24; D. VIII, 16; A. ITI, 14; snout, 
2% to 3 in head; eye, 3 to 34; maxillary, 22; to 24; interorbital, 23 
to 24. Preopercle smooth. Gill-rakers, 7 or 8-++11 to 138. Second 
dorsal spine little greater than body depth, or 22 in combined head 
and trunk without caudal. Color in alcohol, back vinaceous-gray 
or bluish-gray, with brown tinge in some lights, mottled with deeper 
or brownish specks or blotches. Sides and lower surface silvery- 
white. Snout edge blackish-brown. Iris white. Fins pale brown- 
ish. Seven examples, 68 to 135 mm. Takao. 
