art.2. FORMOSA AND PHILIPPINES FISHES—FOWLER AND BEAN. 27 
point reaching middle of caudal. Caudal emarginate, lobes end in 
rather long points. Color in alcohol faded pale brown, pale or 
whitish below, sides silvery-white. Fins pale, spinous dorsal edge, 
upper soft dorsal marginally, lower anal edge and hind caudal 
edge dusky. Ventral white, membranes spotted finely with dusky 
to blackish and innermost membranes marginally with large black 
blotch. Length, 147 to 180 mm. Three from Takao. 
PRIACANTHUS MACRACANTHUS Cuvier. 
Head, 38; depth, 23; D. XI, 18,1; A. ITI, 14, 1; scales, 94 along 
lateral line to caudal base and 7 more on latter; tubular scales in 
lateral line 62 to caudal base and 5 more on latter; 10 scales above 
lateral line to spinous dorsal origin, 12 to soft dorsal origin, 39 be- , 
low to spinous anal origin; 50 predorsal scales; snout, 34 in head 
from upper jaw tip; eye, 24; maxillary, 2; interorbital, 34. Gill- 
rakers, 5-18, lanceolate, equal filaments, or 3 in eye. Scales with 
four basal lobes, irregular apical denticles 20 to 23, and circuli fine. 
Caudal truncate. Color in alcohol dull brown above, pale below, 
with silvery reflections. Fins with dull ground color, spinous dor- 
sal tinged dusky. Soft dorsal, anal, and caudal finely lined or 
streaked with dusky. Ventral pale, marked with few dusky dots. 
Length, 2183 mm. Zamboanga. 
PRIACANTHUS HAMRUR (Forskél). 
Head, 3; depth, 3; D. X, 13,1; A. IIT, 14,1; scales, 93 along lateral 
line to caudal base and 6 more on latter; tubular scales 74 in lateral 
line to caudal base and 6 more on latter; 12 scales above lateral line 
to spinous dorsal origin, 10 to soft dorsal origin, and 30 below to 
spinous anal origin; predorsal scales, 55; snout, 33 in head from 
upper jaw tip; eye, 24; maxiallary, 2; interorbital, 44. Gill-rakers 
m1, 8+18, lanceolate, one-fifth longer than filaments, or 3 in eye. 
Seales with four basal lobes, 15 to 24 irregular apical denticles, and 
circuli moderate. Fins not produced, hind caudal edge emarginate. 
Color in alcohol pale brown, silvery-white below. Spinous dorsal 
with pale dusky tinge marginally. Ventral largely whitish, mem- 
branes dusted with dusky, more intense marginally. Length, 183 
mm. One from Takao. 
Family, SERRANIDAE. 
EPINEPHELUS SUMMANA (Forskil). 
Heal, 22 to 2%; depth, 24 to 2%; D. XI, 16,1; A. III, 8, 1; scales, 
98 to 100 in lateral line to caudal base, tubular scales, 53 or 54; 13 
or 14 scales above lateral line to soft dorsal origin, 33 or 34 below to 
spinous anal origin; 90 or 92 predorsal scales; snout, about 43 to 5 
