art.2. FORMOSA AND PHILIPPINES FISHES—-FOWLER AND BEAN. 61 
Body elongate, well compressed, deepest about midway in its 
length, back not elevated. Caudal peduncle well compressed, length 
about four-fifths its least depth. 
Head large, compressed, slightly flattened sides converge moder- 
ately upward. Snout very short, convex over surface and slightly 
so in profile, length about three-fifths its width. Eye large, ellipsoid, 
hind edge about midway in head length. Maxillary oblique, ex- 
tends down until about midway in eye length, expansion 2% in 
eye. Mouth moderate, closed jaws about even. Bands of villiform 
teeth in jaws, on vomer and palatines. Upper inner buccal fold 
broad, lower very narrow. Tongue large, smooth, fleshy, depressed, 
pointed, free around edge and in front. Front nostril above eye, 
close before front eye edge, with cutaneous expanded fleshy fiap 22 
in eye, edge scarcely fringed. Hind nostril simply pore close above 
upper eye edge and slightly before front pupil edge. Interorbital 
slightly convex, little more than half of eye. Preorbital very nar- 
row, much narrower than maxillary, which only partly slips below. 
Preopercle edge finely serrate and its lower edge with three mod- 
erately large antrorse spines. Opercle with strong flattened spine, 
24 im eye. 
Gill-opening extends forward nearly opposite front eye edge. 
Gill-rakers, v-+x11, low rudiments or tubercles, greatly lower than 
gill-filaments, which 24 in eye. Pseudobranchiae long as gill-fila- 
ments. Isthmus narrowly constricted forward, scaled. 
Scales large, in oblique rows on trunk, etenoid, with 10 or 11 basal 
parallel marginal striae, apical denticles about 58 to 74 and circuli 
fine. Slightly smaller scales on soft dorsal, anal, pectoral and caudal 
bases, though scarcely smaller along body edges. Head, except max- 
illary, lips and preorbital, covered with small scales. Seven rows 
of scales across cheek from lower eye edge to preopercle angle. 
Lateral line on small and largely concealed scales, with simple tubes, 
its course largely concurrent with dorsal profile. 
Spinous dorsal inserted little before pectoral origin, though 
slightly behind hind preopercle edge. Dorsal spines graduated down 
from third, which highest, second and fourth about equal, and first 
very slightly shorter than fourteenth, fin membranes deeply notched 
marginally. Soft dorsal origin nearly midway between hind end 
of opercle flap and caudal base, second ray longest, first subequal 
and all others graduated shorter. Spinous anal origin near last 
third in space between ventral origin and caudal base, second spine 
longest, third much shorter though depressed slightly beyond cau- 
dal base and first about one-sixth of second. Soft anal with first 
ray longest, though much shorter than second anal spine, and rays 
graduated down to hindmost. Caudal rounded behind. Pectoral 
