ART. 16. TWO SQUALODONTS FROM MARYLAND—KELLOGG. 3 
The South Carolina deposits have yielded a relatively large assem- 
blage of cetaceans and a number of these have been referred to as 
squalodonts. The described forms are: Ceterhinops longifrons, and 
Squalodon debilis, modestus, pelagius, protervus Leidy (not Cope), and 
tiedemani. All of these are either from the sands or the phosphate 
beds of the Ashley River, except Squalodon tiedemani, which is from 
the closely approximate Wando River in the same State. All those 
referred to Squalodon, except pelagius and tiedemani, are known only 
from detached teeth. Squalodon pelagius is represented by a frag- 
ment of the left maxilla bearing a single tooth; its relationships are 
uncertain. Fragments of the upper and lower jaws of Squalodon 
tiedemani, with teeth, represent all that is known concerning this 
form. These fragments suggest a cetacean of large size. A restudy 
of the Ashley fauna has convinced the writer that most of the 
cetaceans mentioned above are not squalodonts, as will be shown in 
another part of this review. Two other interesting cetaceans have 
been obtained from the Ashley phosphate deposits. The only parts 
known of one of these, Colophonodon holmesit, are single-rooted teeth, 
and the skull of the other, Agorophius pygmaeus, is unlike any known 
squalodont. 
The decision as to the age of these fossils necessarily depends 
upon geological considerations. It is known that there is a thin 
layer of marl* of Upper Miocene age which overlies the Ashley 
(Kocene) marl. In this connection it may be well to quote from 
William H. Dall’ regarding the age of these Miocene marls: 
I have no hesitation in concluding that the rock from which the phosphate 
nodules are derived is of Upper Miocene age, or at least that its fauna, while 
unmistakably Miocene, is more really related to the Chesapeake Miocene than to 
the older beds of the Chipola Epoch. The phosphatization of the rock was of 
course later than its formation and perhaps might have taken place like that of the 
very similar Peace River, Florida, phosphate pebbles, during Pliocene time. 
Since many of the fossil cetaceans were obtained from the bed of 
the Ashley River, it by no means follows that they are all derivatives 
of those beds which have been determined as Eocene. If these 
cetaceans were really Eocene forms, then it might be said that the 
squalodonts had attained a considerable development in North Amer- 
ica at that time. We would expect, however, that these supposed 
Kocene forms would present primitive characters. Unfortunately, the 
fragmentary condition of some of the remains makes it difficult to form 
an opinion in this matter. Taken as a whole, they can not be said 
to be more primitive than those squalodonts conceded to be of Miocene 
6 Sloan, E., Catalogue of the Mineral localities of Bonn Carolina, Bull. No. 2, ser. 4, South Carolina 
Geol. Surv., Golecbins pp. 290-292, 469, 1908. 
7 Dall, Ww. H., Amer. Journ, Sci., ser. 3, vol. 48, p. “i, 1894, 
