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umbilical crater. However, it is not tuberculose as in the fossil 
L. Gervillei, but is dentated in LZ. australis and L. Tasmanica, 
and crenated in ZL. clathrata, L. subquadrata, and L. Mayana. 
I fail, therefore, to appreciate the alleged differences which 
separate Liotina from Liotia ; the differences presented by the 
umbilical funiculus are specific only, whilst the non-nacreous 
attribute is more apparent than real. 
Liotia australis, Kzener, sp. 
Reference.—Iconog., t. 4, f. 7 (Delphinula) ; id., Reeve, Icon- 
Conch. (Monograph of Delphinula), f. 20, 1843. 
Kiener’s type was collected by Peron (Baudin Expedition) at 
St. Pierre and St Francis Isles in South Australia, and cotypes 
are referred to the Phillippines. The species is common in South 
Australian waters, I know it from Victoria, and it is recorded 
for Tasmania by Tenison-Woods. 
L. australis has an operculum proper to the genus. The 
anterior thickening of the columella is decurrent on the um- 
bilical rim, and the spiral funiculus is sharply dentated on the 
edge. The species exhibits great variability in size of the adult, 
the adult stage being indicated by the largely thickened aperture, 
thus a macromorph has a maximum diameter of 12 mm., an 
extreme micromorph 4:5, whilst these two are linked by inter- 
mediate sizes. 
Liotia annulata, ZVen.-Woods. Pl. vi., figs. 7a-7b. 
Reference.—Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., for 1877, p. 121, 1878 ; id., 
‘Tryon, Man. Conch., X., p. 111, t. 36, f. 20 (original). 
Synonym.—Liotia compacta, Petterd, Jour. Conch., 1884, p. 
135. 
I have examples from Tasmania and Corio Bay (J. Mulder), 
Victoria, which agree in the chief particulars with Tenison- 
Woods’s description and Tryon’s figure of Z. annulata; but all 
are without completed apertures, are minute or small sized and 
few-whorled, and are presumably immature, or have not yet 
acquired the characteristic apertural conformation of an adult 
LIiotia; however, the inner shell layer is nacreous, and the 
generic location is probably correct. It is neither the young of 
L. australis, as has been suggested, nor that of any of our Southern 
species. J. australis at 3 mm. diameter has a strong cancellate 
ornament; L. Tasmanica of the same size, which on account of 
its planorbiform shape most resembles Z. annulata, has transverse 
frills developed on the periphery only and is without spiral 
lineation. 
A feature omitted by Tenison-Woods and Tryon, which is 
exhibited by an example of 3 mills diameter, is the possession of 
three linear ridges on the periphery of the last whorl, which are 
