The Facts of Sex in Relation to Metabolism. 267 
by the cytoplast; (d) to the imperfect nutrition of the 
nucleus; (e) the failure of the cell as an organic whole.” 
“Replacement theories of fertilisation are inadmissible, 
since all fail to account for one or more of the following 
facts :—(a) multiple isoramy; (0) the non-discrimination of 
the broods of exo-isogametes into two categories, of which 
members of either would pair with those of the other 
category, but not of their own; (c) the absence of ‘excretion 
phenomena’ of any kind in so many cases of gametogeny; 
(d) the existence of true parthenogenesis of male as well as 
female gametes; (e) the formation of a male individual from 
the exclusively female oosphere of the hive-bee.” The 
peculiar value of Hartog’s work, of which our few citations 
can convey but an inadequate impression, lies (1) in the 
width of the concrete survey which he has taken, and (2) 
in the resulting rehabilitation of the theory of rejuvenescence 
in a manner which recognises the physiological complexity 
of the problem. 
A criticism which Hartog makes of the “Evolution of 
Sex ” appears to us of importance. It is this. He does not 
believe in the least “that the male brings ‘katastates,’ the 
female ‘anastates, which combine to make the zygote a 
perfect organism.” He does not believe in any such 
“entities.” Moreover, “if we accepted Geddes and Thomson’s 
view that there are actually entities that we can term 
anastates and katastates, we should have to reject their 
conclusions, and say that the preliminary disorganisation 
of the germinal vesicle is the elimination of its anastates; 
for henceforward all the phenomena manifested are katabolic, 
even without the advent of the male; and in ova which are 
not parthenogenetic, the resumption of anaboly is hence- 
forward impossible.” 
In reference to this, we may note (1) that we regard the 
physiological interpretation of the polar bodies given in the 
“Evolution of Sex” as crude. It was there suggested that 
the formation of polar bodies was an extrusion of “katastates,” 
which were replaced in fertilisation by katastates from the 
sperm. As the chromatin rods of the polar bodies do not 
seem different from those which remain in the female 
