64 
THe GuactaAL Beps. 
These are strongly marked off from the Archeans, on which 
they rest by a horizontal, or approximately horizontal stratifica- 
tion, as well as essentially distinct lithological character. They 
are also distinguishable from the overlying Miocenes in possess- 
ing a thinly-bedded or laminated structure, the clays are more 
tenacious, they frequently contain striated stones and erratics, 
and are separated from the Miocenes by a strongly-marked 
divisional plane. The line of division between the two forma- 
tions gives evidence of unconformability in the eroded surface of 
the till and the presence of water-worn boulders, which often 
occupy the line of junction. 
The glacial deposits thin out to the north, about half-a-mile 
from Black Point, where they are about 20 ft. thick, beyond 
which point they have not as yet been proved. They maintain 
an approximately uniform thickness on the top of the cliffs, but 
suddenly thicken within the limits of the Cove, attaining a maxi- 
mum thickness in “Trig Hill,” as measured by the aneroid, of 
112 ft. The hill just mentioned is central to the amphitheatre 
of the Cove, and was a convenient point from which to take the 
trigonometrical readings. The glacial beds were traced from 
this height uninterruptedly (except where covered by blown 
sand) down to low-water mark. On the southern half of the 
Bay a steep escarpment rises to a height of 90 ft. facing the sea, 
and is composed throughout of boulder clay with erratics. The 
same beds are continued on the south side of Field River at 
a similar height, the river occupying a valley of erosion that 
has been cut through the glacial beds. How far these deposits 
extend seawards, and below sea level, are problems that remain 
to be solyed. As so little money was spent on the late explora- 
tions, perhaps the Council of the Association for the Advance- 
ment of Science may think fit to make another grant, that the 
thickness of the beds at sea level may be tested. 
LITHOLOGY OF THE BeEps. 
The beds which have been laid down within the glaciated area 
may be roughly classified as mudstones, friable sandstones, and 
conglomerates. The two trenches that were cut passed through 
the upper series of beds, and exposed alternating beds of reddish 
and grey clays, with soft sandstones of a yellowish color. These 
beds are distinctly stratified, and the materials uniformally fine, 
no stones, indeed, of any kind were met with in the trenches. 
A little further to the south, where the beds thicken, a dark- 
colored mudstone, with sandy layers and inclusions, is met with, 
and is highly charged with facetted and scratched erratics. This 
can be noticed ina thin layer on the top of the Black Point 
