65 
Cliffs, but is best seen in the basal portions of the amphitheatre 
of the Cove, as well as in the escarpment on the southern side 
of the Bay, and upon the beach between tide marks. The mud- 
stones, where they have not been exposed to the weather, are 
very compact and tough, and split into thin bands and cubical 
fragments. Thin layers of sand occur in the mudstones, and it 
is along the lines of these sandy partings that the rock usually 
splits. The sand grains are rounded, and exhibit the effects of 
considerable attrition, but the sand-beds are but slightly consoli- 
dated in mass, and do not, as a rule, split on lines of bedding. 
The conglomerates are best seen on the beach at low water, 
where they stand up as weathered bosses, excavated from the 
surrounding clays by the action of the waves. On this floor of 
marine denudation numerous joints are seen to run irregularly 
through the glacial till, and are rendered conspicuous from their 
being filled with a dark-colored ferruginous material. 
BOULDERS. 
If any confirmation were needed that we are face to face with 
glacial phenomena at Hallett’s Cove, it is found in the innumer- 
able, subangular, facetted, and scratched erratics which occur 
abundantly at the lower levels of the Hallett’s Cove beds. As 
already stated, no stones of any kind were met with in the two 
experimental trenches cut through the beds on the northern 
side of the area. This may have arisen from the shallowness of 
the trenches and the small extent of rock exposed. The boulder 
till is first seen on the northern boundary of the area in the 
banks of the east and west valley, and on the top of the cliffs 
a little to the south of the principal polished face of rock. From 
the latter position a goodly number of striated stones have been 
obtained. From that point, southwards, they become con- 
spicuous in all exposed surfaces, and can be found from the size 
of small pebbles, up to large masses many tons in weight. 
Several huge erratics occur on the beach, near the centre of the 
Bay, whilst on the south side of the Field River they cover the 
beach within tide marks, and are of great variety, as well as 
innumerable. It is a common feature to observe a layer of 
boulders at the junction of the glacial beds with the overlying 
Miocene, and in some instances these boulders are included in 
the lower part of the Miocenes themselves. They have the facies 
of glaciated stones, and in one or two instances I could detect the 
strie distinctly preserved on their surfaces, although the wash 
they have been subjected to at the time of the encroachment of 
the Miocene Sea has no doubt obliterated the surface features 
from many of them. A large enclosure of metamorphic shale, in 
the same position, measuring twelve feet in length, has attracted 
E 
