32 
In the Ornithorhynchus the epicoraco-brachialis is fused with the 
coraco-brachialis brevis, so that only two distinct elements are present. 
Amongst the Edentata it is entirely absent in Cyclothurus and Pholi- 
dotus.* In Chlamydophorus* Macalister found it represented by a 
“‘very diminutive ‘ short variety,’”’ while Hyrtl+ had found it absent 
in the specimen he dissected. 
Leche states{ that itis absent among the Talpide, but Wood§ states 
that the short variety is present in the Moles. The latter author 
found the middle variety alone in the Hedgehog, while Leche mentions 
long and short as present in that animal. Dobson|| states that the 
muscle is entirely absent in Gymnura. 
In Guinea Pig and Rabbit Wood’ found the middle variety alone, in 
the Hare and Capybara the short only, and in Squirrel and Porcupine 
the long. In other Rodents two varieties co-existed. 
Among Carnivora** the muscle is single in some, e.g., short variety 
only in Dog and Cat, or two varieties may consist as in the Urside. 
M. biceps flexor antebrachi (figs. 6 and 7, f.6.c.) takes origin 
by one head only (the ‘‘ long”), by means of a fine tendon, from 
the “upper” extremity of the glenoid margin at the root of the 
rudimentary coracoid. The tendon traverses the capsule of the 
shoulder joint to enter the bicipital groove between the tuberosi- 
ties. Emerging from the capsule, it gives place to a narrow and 
somewhat ribbon-like muscle, which broadens somewhat as it 
descends to reach the region in front of the elbow. During 
nearly the whole of its course in the arm it is covered by the 
pectorals, and lies ventral to the teres major and inner part of 
the humeral triceps (fig. 6, 2/.ér.). 
Towards its insertion it is covered by the pronator radii teres 
(fig. 10). It is inserted into the tuberosity of the radius in close 
proximity to the insertion into the coronoid process of the 
brachialis anticus muscle, whose tendon it crosses, and with 
which it has a slight fascial connection. 
Macalister,}+ writing on “ the homologies of the flexor muscles of the 
vertebrate limb,” regards the flexors in both arm and leg as typically 
four in number. 
These are, in the arm, Ist, Coraco-radial, which is “ most frequently 
present, and most strikingly retaining its typical position and attach- 
ments”; 2nd, a humeral head of the biceps (only occasionally present 
in man); 3rd, the gleno-ulnar (corresponding to the long head of the 
biceps together with the aponeurotic tendon of insertion in man, hence 
the.muscle is here gleno-fascial, not gleno-ulnar, as in other forms) ; 
Ath, the brachialis anticus portion of the flexor mass. 
With regard to the first-named of these flexor elements, Macalister, 
however, remarks :—‘ In cases where the coracoid process is not de- 
veloped, we sometimes find that the first muscle originates from a 
tendon which corresponds with the typical origin of this flexor; and 
* xxvii, page 247. }xxiv., page 36. {xxvi., page 804. $lxxi., page 
52. || viii, page 395. { Ixxi., page 52. ** Ixxi., page 51. ff XxxL., 
page 287. 
