76 



was firmly set in the clay at a height of about 15 feet above high 

 water mark. The glacial clay is covered, unconformably with a 

 white, rather coarse sand and ironstone, averaging about 20 feet 

 in thickness, and the latter is covered, in an eroded hollow of 

 about 100 yards wide, with a thick basaltic flow, which forms the 

 cappings of the principal heights in the vicinity. The order of 

 succession is, therefore, as follows : — 



Basaltic sheet ... ... ... about 100 feet 



White sand and ironstone ,.. " 20 " 



Eocene limestone ... ... " 15 " 



Glacial clay ... ... (depth not proved) 



On the south side of the Queenscliffe Jetty the Eocene beds 

 form the sea cliffs for about a mile, showing a very decided dip 

 to the south-east. Near the most southerly outcrop of these beds 

 the rock is characterised chiefly by the remains of Echini, which 

 occur in immense numbers. Cassidnlus longianus is extremely 

 common. Echinolamjjus posterocrassus and EitjKitagus cor- 

 anguimim are also fairly common. At one horizon the rock for 

 about a foot in thickness is exclusively composed of closely packed 

 remains of Fibidaria yregata. The waste of the sea cliffs has 

 liberated the Echini, which can be picked up in great numbers 

 from amongst the shingle of the beach. A little further south 

 the Eocene beds have disappeared in consequence of a plane of 

 marine denudation having been cut by the sea along the line of 

 parting of the glacial clay and the tertiary limestone. Fragments 

 of the latter, in situ, can be seen as a thin covering on thie 

 exposed boulder clay between tide marks. 



The coast road going south-west crosses the Cygnet River 

 about two miles from the township. On passing down the hill 

 leading to the flats bordering the Cygnet River, numerous 

 erratics were noticed on cultivated clay land on the eastern side 

 of the road. Several varieties of granite were noticed, some 

 showing the same kind of opalescent quartz which was subse- 

 quently recognised as a pretty constant feature of the granite of 

 Cape Willoughby. Other erratics composed of a siliceous 

 quartzite, &c., were also recognised. The largest ice-borne stone 

 observed at this spot measured about two feet in its longer axis. 



After leaving the Cygnet Valley no further evidence of glacial 

 deposits were observed in a journey south-westerly, by Hawk's 

 Nest and the Brecknell Sandhills. The country in this direction, 

 with the exception of a low ridge of palaeozoic rocks, is thickly 

 covered with recent and pleistocene deposits, which effectually 

 mask the older geological features. 



Nepean Bay and Point Morrison. — The occurrence of glacial 

 clay underlying the Eocene beds have already been described at 



