79 



Following the trend of the coast, on the east side of Hog Bay 

 the cultivated land continues to show many erratics, some of 

 ■considerable size, up to the level of the inland plateau, estimated 

 at about 300 feet above sea level. The larger stones can be seen 

 mostly along the fences or near the waterholes. 



Antechamber Bay. — The coast between Hog Bay and Ante- 

 ■chamber Bay presents the features of lofty and precipitous 

 ■cliffs, which rarely give access to the sea, the waves for the most 

 part breaking against the base of the cliffs, with no beach space. 

 Within four miles of Cape Willoughby, however, there is a not- 

 able break in the continuity of the cliffs at Antechamber Bay, 

 with sandhills for several miles in extent. Towards the south- 

 east portion of the bay a group of erratics can be seen between 

 tide marks. Seven granite boulders were counted ; the largest 

 measured 7 feet by 4 feet 9 inches by 4 feet high, and another 

 6 feet by 3 feet 6 inches. 



The journey between Hog Bay and Cape Willoughby was 

 ■made by road through dense scrub, which afforded but slight 

 ■opportunities for making geological observations, more particu- 

 larly as the surface was generally occupied by comparatively 

 recent deposits of sand and j^ellowish clay. It is highly probable 

 that the glacial clay underlies some of these superficial deposits, 

 and in places may be so near the surface that deep ploughing 

 might bring it within reach of cultivation. 



The observations now submitted cover the coastal districts for 

 thirty miles in direct line between Qaeenscliffe and the southern 

 ■end of Antechamber Bay, and shews that the great Pre-Tertiary 

 icefield included the eastern side of Kangaroo Island. The great 

 number of granite and gneissic boulders which occur in the till 

 indicate that the centre of dispersion was in the great granitic 

 region which lies to the south of the continent, and which is now, 

 with the exception of a few isolated headlands and islands, sub- 

 merged in the Southern Ocean. To produce ice sufl&cient for the 

 transport of the enormous amount of morainic matter which is 

 spread over many thousands of square miles of land and sea 

 requires that these granitic highlands which formed the snow- 

 fields in Pre-Tertiary times should have been of considerable 

 elevation and extent. Travelling ice must have done much 

 towards the removal of this lost mountain range, but what the 

 ice did not complete has been most effectively done by the sea, 

 which has reduced the former high lands to a submerged conti- 

 nental shelf fringing the southern shores of Australia, and from 

 which Tasmania and other islands still raise their heads above 

 the water line. In tracking the path of the ice agents, by means 

 of their " spoor," back to the south-eastern portions of Kangaroo 



