A Method of Craniometry for Mammals. 53 



possess any remarkable degree of vertical height, but is, od 

 the contrary, low. 



4. That the distance between the two stephanions is 

 greater than in any other carnivore mentioned in the 

 table. 



5. That the face is relatively broad, but not so much 

 so as in the hedoehog and beaver. 



6. That the palate is much broader, in comparison with 

 its length, than that of the other animals whose indices are 

 given. 



7. That the face is very short as compared with the length 

 of the roof of the cranium, and of the skull as a whole. 



It was anticipated that differences would be found in the 

 skulls of different animals belonging to the same species ; 

 and the anticipation was realised, as is shown in the table 

 given at the end of this paper. It can hardly be doubted 

 that variations will be found to be most marked among the 

 members of those species which have been most intimately 

 associated with man. The artificial species — if such a term 

 may be permitted — of dogs are notoriously variable in the 

 size and shape of the head ; and this is so because breeders 

 have willed that it should be so. There are, however, species 

 in which the variations of skull-form are less evident to the 

 eye {e.g., horse, sheep, etc.), but which will no doubt be 

 brought out by the tape-measure and calipers. 



Another feature which can be demonstrated by cranio- 

 metry, is the modification in the architecture of the skull 

 which takes place during that period in the life of the 

 animal ranging from birth to full maturity. 



The accompanying Table gives the diameters and indices 

 of fifty-one skulls to which the foregoing method has been 

 applied. The majority of the skulls are in the Edinburgh 

 Museum of Science and Art, and I am deeply indebted to 

 Dr Traquair for his great kindness in affording me every 

 facility for measuring them. All the measurements are 

 given in millimetres. 



