Frehistorie Horses of Eitrope. 93 



such as barbed harpoons made of stag-horn, and water-worn 

 pebbles of quartz or schist, some showing usage marks at 

 one end, and others various devices painted on them with 

 peroxide of iron. 



In the station of Campigny (Seine Inferieure) remains of 

 huts, coarse pottery, and bones of the ox, stag, and horse 

 were found, thus showing a still nearer approach to Neolithic 

 civilisation (see Revue de VEcole d' Anthropologie, December 

 15th, 1898). According to French archaeologists, its remains 

 (as well as those from a number of other analogous stations) 

 belong to the last phase of the transition period, and are 

 regarded as crude imitations of the industrial products of 

 the ISTeolithic immigrants, before the two races became finally 

 amalgamated. 



On a former occasion (July 19th, 1898), in addressing the 

 members of the Archaeological Institute, I advanced some 

 remarkable evidence on the continuity of human existence 

 in Switzerland since Palaeolithic times, founded on the dis- 

 coveries and researches of Dr Nliesch in the rock-shelter of 

 Schweizersbild (see Journal, vol. Iv. pp. 259-285). 



It will be observed that of the principal animals which 

 figured in the hunting scenes of Palaeolithic times, man and 

 the horse are almost the only two that survived and mani- 

 fested a feeble existence during the transition period in 

 Western Europe. The reindeer, owing to the change in 

 climate and the increase of forest growths, emigrated to 

 more northern regions, whither it was followed, according 

 to some writers, by a portion of the old hunting population. 

 The individuals of this species which found their way into 

 Britain, while the island was connected with the Continent, 

 were caught, however, in a trap by the intervention of the 

 Strait of Dover, and instinctively receded northwards till 

 they reached Caithness, where they became extinct only 

 about the twelfth century. The place of the reindeer in 

 Europe was taken up by the red- deer, which now began to 

 be very numerous. The urus survived to historic times, but 

 this animal does not appear to have been very abundant at 

 any time. The alterations in the physical and climatal 

 conditions of Europe were also affecting the welfare of its 



