Prehistoric Horses of Europe. 101 



Studer, Uhlmann, and others. While the lake-dwellers of 

 the earlier Stone Age had only as domestic animals one small 

 species of dog, a small ox, a horned sheep, and the goat, 

 we find that towards the end of this period, and during the 

 succeeding Bronze Age, not only new and large breeds were 

 developed, but another was added to the list, viz., the horse. 

 From the remains of the domestic horse found at Moeringen 

 and elsewhere, it appears to have been a small and slender- 

 limbed animal with small hoofs, and altogether much inferior 

 to the wild horse as hunted and eaten by the cave-men of 

 Palaeolithic times, from which it is supposed to have been a 

 direct descendant. When the Aar Canal was being excavated, 

 the bones of the smaller or domestic horse were found 

 associated with bronze objects in no less than nine different 

 localities, all of which agree with the above characteristics. 

 The horse of the terremare, according to Professor Strobel, 

 presents the same characters as that of the Swiss lake- 

 dwellings ; and, as we have already seen from the bridle-bits 

 and other horse trappings, there can be no doubt it was also 

 in a state of domestication. I may also mention that a skull 

 found at Au vernier was believed by Eiitimeyer, after most 

 careful deliberation, to be that of the ass. Professor Strobel 

 has also recognised the osseous remains of the ass in the 

 terremare {Bulletino cli Fed. It., Anno viii.). The sheep 

 diverged considerably from its earlier form, and lost much 

 of its goat-like appearance, being now larger, and developed 

 into various breeds. Still more varied were the breeds of 

 cattle, especially in the vicinity of the lakes of Bienne and 

 Neuchatel. The Bos primigenms appears to have been 

 tamed and crossed with the earlier type, giving rise to a 

 variety of breeds, such as trocoeeros and frontosus, one of 

 which had wide-branching horns, as is proved from its 

 remains found at Concise, Chevroux, Locras, etc. The small 

 dog of the Stone Age (Canis clomestimis palvMris^ Ktit.) gave 

 place to a much larger kind, somewhat resembling our 

 modern greyhound. The domestic pig also appears to have 

 passed through various evolutionary phases ; but the wild 

 boar still retained its individuality intact. Dr Uhlmann, in 

 his report on the osseous remains from the Grosser Hafner 



