The Gluteal and Femoral Muscles in a Marmoset. 171 



In minor details there is a great want of conformity 

 among various monkeys in regard to this muscle, and there 

 is even variation in different specimens of the same name. 

 In the Hapale jacchus described by Windle (4) the insertion 

 of gluteus maximus, although lower down than in man, was 

 not so low as in some apes, as it did not invade the lowest 

 part of the femur, and it was inseparably united with the 

 tensor fascite femoris at the origin of the tensor, and for a 

 considerable distance beyond. In my specimen the insertion 

 indirectly extended the whole length of the femur, and there 

 was no suggestion of union with tensor near its origin, though 

 their fascial insertions were close together. In the closely 

 allied animal, Midas rosalia, also described by Windle (3), it 

 was slightly connected with the tensor, and its attachments 

 were similar to its attachments in man. This implies a 

 relatively limited osseus insertion, and also an origin from 

 the ilium. (The absence of an iliac origin is a common con- 

 dition among animals — Parsons (5).) In my specimen of 

 Hapale there was no iliac origin. 



In the lemur (2) the origin of gluteus maximus from the 

 ilium is considerable. It arises (a) by aponeurosis from the 

 anterior superior iliac spine (i.e., posterior superior in man), 

 as well as from the lumbar fascia and spines of sacral verte- 

 brae ; (h) by muscular fibres from the anterior inferior iliac 

 spine (anterior superior of man), and from the transverse 

 processes of the first three caudal vertebrae. The relation of 

 the long supracaudal muscles to the two parts is similar to 

 that in the Hapale. In the Nycticebus there is no caudal 

 origin. 



The insertion differs conspicuously from the manner of 

 insertion in Hapale, in that there is no attachment to the 

 aponeurosis of the thigh in the lemur. The muscle is 

 inserted into the third trochanter and the posterior surface 

 of the femur. In two lemurs {Xantho mystax and nigrifrons) 

 the insertion passed right down to the external condyle ; 

 while in only one of those mentioned, the Fotto, is there 

 any insertion into the great trochanter (Van Campen, 6). 



Among lemurs the union with tensor fasciae femoris is 

 such that the tensor does not exist as a separate muscle. 



