The Gluteal and Femoral Muscles in a Marmoset. 179 



Osseous insertion is absent, but there is an exception: in 

 Galago, biceps is inserted by a strong tendon into the outer 

 tuberosity of the tibia only. In the Nycticehus it is inserted 

 only into the fascia of the leg. 



In Midas rosalia (3) it is very like the Hapcde. It arises 

 from tuber ischii. It expands into a muscular sheet, which 

 is connected with the external lateral fibrous expansion of 

 quadriceps, with the anterior and external aspect of tibia, 

 and with the fascia of the leg for quite half its extent, but 

 there is no fibular insertion as in my Hapcde. In Hapale 

 penieillata (9) the insertion is precisely the same as in 

 R. jacchus, except for the fibular attachment. In the other 

 monkeys described by Bischoff, except the Anthropoids, the 

 attachments are as in H. j^enicillccta. In Cynocephalus amdjis 

 (7) the insertion is mainly into the fascia of the leg. A 

 strong band is given off to the covering of the knee joint, 

 and a less strong one into the outer tuberosity of the tibia. 

 In the Anthropoid apes (8) the femoral head appears, and 

 with it an insertion into the head of the fibula. In the 

 gibbon the femoral head joins the ischial head. In the 

 other three Anthropoids there is variable fusion of the 

 tendons of insertion. The ischial head is inserted into 

 the outer side of the head of the tibia, the femoral head 

 is inserted into the head of the fibula and into the fascia, 

 over the outer head of gastrocnemius. In the orang, an 

 expansion of the tendon joins the outer part of the capsule 

 of the knee joint. 



In this muscle more than any other there is a progres- 

 sive change in its disposition as one passes from the lemurs 

 up to man. A single head of origin, with a strong fascial 

 and little or no osseous insertion, represents the lowly 

 degree. A second strong femoral head of origin, with a 

 fascial insertion of diminished importance, and a strong 

 osseous, especially fibular, insertion, represents the highest 

 degree. 



Caudo-femoralis. This muscle was present and was well 

 developed. It arose from the transverse process of one of 

 the upper caudal vertebrae in conjunction with the caudal 

 head of semi-tendinosus, below and on a ventral plane to the 



