To complete the enumeration of alkali 

 Tocks in Tasmania, occurrences in other 

 parts of the island are given, viz.: — 



Family 4. — Essexite: (a) Traehydolerite 

 at Table Cape and Circular Head; (b) 

 Melilite basalt on Shannon Tier, Sandy 

 Bay, and near Sokeby; (c) Limburgite 

 near Burnie. 



Family 5. — Tberalite: Nepheliuite on 

 Shannon Tier, 



The author favours two primary divi- 

 sions of eruptive rocks, viz., one compris- 

 ing granites, syenites, diori'te, gabbro, and 

 the ultra basics. All these at times blend 

 with each other, and give birth to pas- 

 sage rocks between them. The other divi- 

 sion consists of the alkali rocks. The lat- 

 ter, though not so abundant as th^ for- 

 mer, show a great aptitude for differen- 

 tiation in the alkaline m&gma, hence nu- 

 merous variations from type formis and 

 increasing additions to the nomenclature. 

 The Tasmnnian occurrences are conse- 

 quently of distinct interest. 



Mr. I^. M. Johnston explained the fea- 

 tures and grea«c importance of the paper 

 to the mining and geologica.1 world. 



TASMANIA FROM A MANUFACTUE- 

 TNG AND IMMIGEATION POINT 

 OF VIEW, AND HER NATURAL 

 ADVANTAGES. 



(A. 0. Green.) 



When we read of twenty thousand im- 

 migrants arriving in the north-we'St of 

 Canada in a single month, it seems hard 

 to acount for 'the very slow increase of 

 the population in Ta^smania, especially 

 when her many advantages are con- 

 iidftred. 



It is the object oi: this paper to enumer- 

 ate these advantages. In doing so, it will 

 be necessary to state some things tha-c are 

 self-evident to ub; but it is good to re- 

 cognise the advantages of the land we live 

 in. and, if the knowledge can be com- 

 municated to others, it may tend 'to the 

 isiiccess oif the object in view, namely, to 

 increase our present population of about 

 one hundred and eighty thousand people 

 very considerably. 



Our small population hias been one rea- 

 son of our fewneiis. as in the 'pa.st, owing 

 to artificial divisions among *the States of 

 ivhat is now the Commonwealth of Aus- 

 tralia, our produce -was shut out from the 

 markets of the mainland, so that practi- 

 cally -we could only deal with the small 

 population of the island. Now our local 

 cus'tomers, owing to the Federation of 



Australia, number nearly four millions, 

 and a great impulse has been given to the 

 trade of the island, which, if taken ad- 

 vantage OL^ may lead to Tasonania becom- 

 ing a manufacturing and dis-tributing 

 centre for Australia. 



POSITION. 

 Tasmania is very favourably situiLt- 

 ed geographically, beir.g only a short 

 distance to the south oi: the main- 

 land of Australia, and, roughlj', in a cen- 

 tral position with regard to the coast 

 line of that country. It is also in the 

 ■di,rect line between New Zealand and 

 SotKh Africa. Its shore line is consider- 

 ably broken by deep inlets of the sea, 

 and the greater part of the country is near 

 water carriage, thus bringing the markets 

 of the world within easy reach, at a .small 

 cost for carriage. 



CLIMATE. 



The climate is equable and temper- 

 ate, and che rainfall is regrular, so 

 that extremes of drought and hea,vy floods 

 are unknown; in iravoured situations, 

 oranges and lemons cnn be ripened in the 

 open air; geranium hedges are common, 

 and snow only lies in the elevated dis- 

 tricts. The days are usually bright and 

 pleasa-nt, and the nights, even in the 

 hottest v^.ummer, axe cool and bracing. 



The central parts of the island are at 

 an elevation oi l.OOO to 3.000 feet, and it is 

 easy to get a couisiderable change 'Ocf cli- 

 mace by tnavelling a short distance. Upon 

 these upland distric«:s are large lakes, 

 supplying quickly falling streams, from 

 w,hich ample power can be obtained. 



Soil. — The soil is of good average fer- 

 tility, and in some districts exceptionally 

 fertile. The average crop for the island 

 i« over 20 bushels of wheat to the acre, 

 and 5 tons of potatoes. In some districts 

 the average is considerablj- higher, and 

 potato crops of 12 tons to the acre arc 

 not uncommon. In well-managed orchards 

 three to five hundred bushels of apples 

 are picked. 



NATURAL ADVANTAGES. 



The present year is the one hundredth 

 since Tasmania was first coioni&ed, and 

 on every side there a.re indica'tions that in 

 the near future Tasmania will become one 

 oi^ the most proisperous States of the Em- 

 pire. The town.s, though small, have 

 most of the conveniences of large Euro- 

 pean cities, in the way of water supply, 

 well-paved streets, good buildings, tele— 

 graphis, 'jelephones, gas, electric light, and 

 electric trams. The country districts are 

 connected with the ports by lines of rail- 

 way, and good macadamised roads; the 



