30 



PEOPOETION PERCENTAGE OF BRBADWINNBRS 

 EMPLOYED IN DIFFERENT OCCUPATIONS 

 (gainful) ACCORDINGLY AS THE COUN 

 TRIES COMPARED REPRESENT THE TWO 

 GREAT STAGES OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOP- 

 MENT. 



PERCENTAGE BREADWINNERS. 





W ft 



^O CO 00 , 



CO O -^ t- ' 

 lO rH tH 





O CO CD OS t- 

 CO iH CO »7l 00 



CO O tH OD O 

 (N (N tH 



. Is 



CD I O i CO 

 00 O CO 



S IS 



-« I 



n^ o 



1^3 



III 3 S S^ 



<o 



3 

 ft 



o 



So far as countries at the second or 

 agricultural stage are concerned, it is im- 

 portant to bear in mind that the numbers 

 engaged in the primary industries deter- 

 mine very rigidly the number of persons 

 that may be employed with advantage in 

 any other form of occupation. At this 

 stage, therefore, the latter may well be 

 termed the dependent occupations. The 

 proportions shown indicate that in Tas- 

 mania the natural conditions are such 

 that for every 10,000 persons employed in 

 any occupation there must be 3795 of 

 them engaged in one or other of the agri- 

 cultural, mining, and other primary in- 

 dustries. In other words, every 1000 

 persons engaged directly in the primary 

 industries in Tasmania makes it possible 

 for 1634 persons, and no more, to find 

 room for employment in some other 

 useful occupation ; and that for every 

 1000 persons you can place as bread- 

 winners upon the land, you can 

 economically support an additional popu- 

 lation of 6182 souls. It is largely due 

 to the flooding of particular kinds of 

 employment beyond the strict propor- 

 tions which local wants demand that 

 inconvenience or distress is felt in young 

 as well as in old countries. The numbers 

 which can find entry into the "depen- 

 dent," industrial, commercial, and pro- 

 fessional divisions cannot, without un- 

 healthy competition, be increased beyond 

 the relative proportions which these 

 divisions must bear to the primary pro- 

 ducing industries of the particular coun- 

 try ; and these dominating industries in 

 Australasia are agricultural, pastoral, snd 

 mining. Employment in other divisions 

 can only follow substantial increases in 

 the primary industries ; for manufacturing 

 industries cannot alter their present 

 proportions independently, as in England, 

 until such time as they are able to success- 

 fully manufacture for the external or 

 world's markets. This applies much 

 more strongly to the smaller division 

 represented by unskilled labor (not agri- 

 cultural or primary), and to the com- 

 mercial and professional classes. These 

 certainly may only increase according to 

 their more or less rigid economic 

 proportions ; and, as already stated, 

 this again must be determined by 

 a previous increase in the funda- 

 mental producing industries of the place. 



