1924] 
GRANT—A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS 107 
usually included and may be glabrous, puberulent, or glandular- 
pubescent. The stigma varies from bilamellate with equal or 
unequal lips to peltate-funnelform. In the species with equal 
lips the whole inner surface is stigmatic, whereas in the other 
type a stigmatic condition is usually found only on the longer 
lip. Although in most cases the stigma is slightly above the 
uppermost pair of stamens, thereby facilitating cross-pollination 
by insects, often it is on the same level. Under the latter condi- 
tion the stigma is usually self-pollinated. Self-pollination fre- 
quently happens even in normal flowers because the pollen 
matures at the same time as the stigma and the two are close 
enough together so that a slight swaying of the flower may 
scatter the pollen sufficiently to cause some to fall on the receptive 
stigma. The stigma-lips are very sensitive and close quickly when 
a mechanical stimulus is applied or when pollen falls on them. 
Capsule.—The capsule presents much diversity of form and 
texture. It may be coriaceous, cartilaginous, membranaceous, 
orchartaceous. With the possible exception of one or two species 
in (noe, it is loculicidally dehiscent, opening in one of the follow- 
ing ways: (1) along both sutures to the base, (2) along the inner 
suture and only part way down the outer, (3) tardily dehiscent 
along the inner suture, occasionally breaking away at the base. 
The inclusion or exsertion of the capsule is of value only for 
specific definition. 
The type of placentation is important, and serves as an ex- 
cellent basis for separating the genus into two main groups. 
When the fruit matures the placentae may separate to the base, 
the two halves remaining adherent to the valves or they may be 
coherent nearly or quite to the apex, forming a firmly united 
central column. In M. rubellus, Suksdorfii, deflerus, and mon- 
tioides there is a somewhat intermediate condition in which the 
placentae separate almost to the middle. The divided type of 
placentation seems to be more common in Scrophulariaceae; 
therefore it is here considered to be the more primitive. 
Seeds.—The seeds in Mimulus offer little value even in the 
delimitation of species. They are exceedingly numerous and are 
usually oval or oblong with a smooth or reticulate surface. In 
several closely related species in (Enoe they are covered with 
curious anchor-shaped hairs. 
