General Conclusions 
The general conclusions to which we are brought by the above investigations may be briefly summed 
up as follows :— 
(1) That in late Tertiary times there was a general uplift of the Atlantic Ocean bed and adjoining 
lands to the extent of 6000 or 7000 feet or more, as compared with their present position ; the sea-level 
being taken as the standard of measurement. : 
(2) That this uprise extended from the Arctic Ocean to beyond the centre of Africa, off Cape 
Verd, etc., as shown by the Congo submerged valley (in lat. 6° S.), and indeed to its southern extremity. 
(3) That such an uprise included the Mediterranean and bordering lands ; the Alps, Apennines, and 
Central Europe. ' 
(4) That the effect of such elevation on the regions referred to would be to cause a general lowering 
of temperature ; and a vast increase of snow and ice in the Alps, Pyrenees, Norway, and other mountain 
regions ; as well as to develop snowfields and glaciers in the British Isles and other lands, such as Mount 
Hermon, from which they are at present absent. 
(5) That at the close of the period of high elevation and intense Arctic cold, there was a general 
depression of the whole region accompanied by a rise in temperature ; ultimately resulting, after several 
minor oscillations, in the climatic conditions of land and sea at present existing. 
The conclusions advocated in this volume were from the beginning accepted by several recognised 
Geologists and Men of Science, amongst whom I may specially name the late Professor Etheridge, F.R.S., 
a former President of the Geological Society ; Lord Avebury, F.R.S.; Professor McKenny Hughes, 
F.R.S., of Cambridge University ; Professor J. Boyd Dawkins, F.R.S. ; and the late Professor T. Rupert 
Jones, F.R.S., formerly Secretary to the Geological Society, whose matured judgment on questions of 
physical geology will be generally recognised ; and I conclude this digression by inserting a letter 
received from him not long before his decease :— 
CursHam, Bucks, 18th June 1908. 
Dear Dr. Hutt,—I am delighted to find that your conclusions with regard to the “Submarine Platform and 
Valleys” have been so clearly and exhaustively reviewed with pleasing concurrence and strong support by Dr. Spencer 
(Professor J. W. Spencer) in his paper published in the American Geologist of March last, of which he has kindly sent 
me a copy.—Yours very truly, 
Tuos. Rupert Jones. 
The paper referred to is cited above, footnote p. 2. 
