290 Quarterly Journal of ConcJioIogy. 



the genus BuUmus, in the modern acceptation of the term, is not 

 found in Europe. The majority of the species (including the 

 British B. ohscurus and moiita/ius) are referred to Bulimi/iiis, 

 whilst a few (such as the British B. acutus mentioned above) are 

 included in Helix, subgenus Xerop/iila, section CocJilicella, and B. 

 decollatus x"-. :i Steiiogyra. The subgenus Zebrina [\() species) is 

 altogether Austro-Turkish, except B. detritus, which is also found 

 over a great part of the rest of Europe. Of Najxsus (24 species) 

 15 are found here only, Petrceus (16 species) is special to this 

 Division, and 37 out of 43 species of Chondrula occur here. The 

 Baleo-Clausilite, which form a connecting link between Balca and 

 Clauiilia, arc all Transylvanian, and the curious genus Zospeum 

 has 9 species from the caves of Carniola, a tenth species being 

 from the Spanish Pyrenees. 



The distribution of Clausilia is very interesting, and as we are 

 now treating of its metropolis, the opportunity seems a good one to 

 consider it generally. From the Balkan Peninsula and its neigh- 

 bourhood, where it occurs in a profusion of subgeneric forms, the 

 genus appears to have sent out a comparatively large colony to the 

 Italian Peninsula and Sicily, between 40 and 50 species, chiefly 

 of the subgenera Medora, Alarpessa, Agathylla and Delima. More 

 to the west and north the numbers are very small ; most of the 

 northern species belong to the s.g. Iphigenia, e.g. C. ventricosa, 

 Rolphii, parvula, nigricans, cruciata and the remarkable Pyrenean 

 C. Pauli. Three species are found in Madeira, and going further 

 west and crossing the Atlantic, we find the peculiar s.g. Nenia, 

 represented by' one species in Porto Rico — C. tridens, and by 

 several, C. Bland-ana, exa?-ata, etc., among the Andes of South 

 America. Throughout the rest of the New World there are none 

 except the one species from Alaska already mentioned. To the 

 south of its metropolis, Clausilia is very poorly represented ; two 

 or three species have been found in Algeria, and two in the 

 Abyssinian region — C. sennaarensis and dyscherata ; but to the 



