Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 289 



There are certain characters common to the whole region, and 

 even certain species very widely distributed ; these we will there- 

 fore consider first. 



Leucochroa is almost exclusively Mediterranean, a few species 

 only being found in the Atlantic Islands. Gouostoma is also 

 almost a purely Mediterranean group. Campylcea is very abun- 

 dant, especially in the mountains. Of the group FeiiiatcE/iia a few 

 species only are found north of the Alps, and even those are 

 almost all Mediterranean also, and the great bulk of the group are 

 exclusivelyso. For instancethe common British shell, //t'/Zx aspcrsa, 

 attains a much larger size in Italy than in England. It is verydifficult 

 to believe that so abundant a British species has been introduced, 

 but judging from the reduced size of English specimens, England 

 would, to say the least, not appear to possess the most favorable 

 climate for this mollusc. The Xerophilce are exclusively Mediter- 

 ranean, except a few species, such as H. pisana and variabilis, 

 which also extend along the coasts of the Northern Region, and 

 a i^^yN from the Atlantic Islands. 



The Buli/nini, though extensively distributed in other parts 

 of the Old World, yet in Europe are found almost exclusively 

 south of the Alps. The only European Stenogyra — decollata — is 

 Mediterranean, and in the genus Pupa the subgenera Torquilla 

 and Sphyradium are almost peculiar to our region. Of the genus 

 Clausilia we will speak more at length under the Divisions A and 

 B. In the operculate shells, Leojiia is exclusively Mediterranean, 

 and the only species of Cyclostomus that extends to the north of 

 the Alps is C. elegans. 



A. The Austro-Turkish Division. We consider this Division, 

 the richest of all in species, to be clearly maiked by the immense 

 abundance of Buliminus and Clausilia. With regard to the 

 former genus, it may be well to mention for the information of 

 those who have not access to foreign conchological literature, that 



