on the Birds of Turkey. Gl> 



stouter than the woodland birds, and came very near the dark 

 form of A. navioides just mentioned, which also breeds on the 

 ground in the plains of South Russia and, probably, here. A 

 series of Imperial, Tawny, and Spotted Eagles could be produced 

 running almost imperceptibly into each other in size, and nearly 

 similar in colour; and wlien these birds are flying at a distance 

 there is great difficulty in deciding the species, though an adult 

 of A. Iieliaca will always show the golden head and white scapu- 

 lar. With reference to the larger form of Spotted Eagle, to 

 which Pallas's name of Aquila clanga is usually referred, Mr. 

 Gurney says : — 



*' These two races (viz. the North German and South Rus- 

 sian) bear a very similar relationship to each other to that which 

 exists between A. ncevioides, of Africa and Spain, and the smaller 

 A. fulvescens, of India." 



M. Vian, in one of the papers before mentioned (Rev. Zool, 

 1867, p. 129), attempts to show that the name of ^. clanga was 

 intended by Pallas for the Russian form of A. navioides : but Mr. 

 Gurney says : — 



" I still retain my opinion that the bird described by Wil- 

 lughby and Brisson, which was regarded by Pallas as identical 

 with his Aquila clanga, is intended by each of these authors 

 for either the smaller or the larger race of A. navia, and has 

 nothing to do with A. navioides as suggested by M. Vian." 



Two adult males, which were killed by M. Alleon in 1865, 

 were of a pale tawny colour, much the same as African speci- 

 mens of A. ncevioides, but they had some new feathers of a cho- 

 colate-brown, and were undoubtedly specimens of A. navia. 



9. Aquila pennata (J. F. Gmehu). Booted Eagle. 



We never observed this species in Macedonia or Greece, though 

 it is probably found in the w^ooded parts of the country ; but in 

 the east of Turkey it is not uncommon, and breeds regularly 

 near Constantinople. M. Alleon has three times taken the nest 

 in the forest of Belgrade, and was kind enough to present us 

 with some of the eggs, which are exactly like specimens from 

 Spain. He informs us that it passes in immense flocks over the 

 Bosphorus from Asia into Europe about the middle of April, 



