70 Messrs. H. J. Elwes and T. E. Buckley 



and is easily shot, both in the adult and immature brown plu- 

 mage, by waiting on the tops of the hills near Buyukdere. We 

 saw this bird in the forest near Babadagh, and were told it bred 

 there, also near Pravidy. We have no doubt the Editor of ' The 

 Ibis ' is right (Ibis, 1869, p. 203, note) in supposing that Mr. 

 Farman mistook this species for the Rough-legged Buzzard ; it 

 may, however, be distinguished on the wing by its more buoyant 

 flight and the absence of the white rump. 



10. Aquila bonellii (Temm.). Bonelli's Eagle. 



We have no authentic instance of this bird's occurrence in 

 the east of Turkey, though Mr. Hudleston says he observed it 

 on the Danube, and Lord Lilford found it in Albania. 



11. CiRCAETUs GALLicus (J. F. Gmcliu) . Short-toed Eagle. 

 We never obtained a specimen, but are almost positive of its 



occurrence in Bulgaria, and M. AUeon has found it breeding in 

 in the forest of Belgrade. It is very numerous on the Bosphorus 

 during the migration. 



12. Haliaetus ALBiciLLA (L.). Whitc-tailcd Eagle. 



Very common in Macedonia and all along the coasts of the 

 Black Sea, being found also at a considerable distance in the 

 interior. In the great marshes of the Karasmak, which are sur- 

 rounded by swampy forests of willow and black poplar, the 

 White-tailed Eagle seems to find a congenial abode, though a 

 very different one from the precipitous headlands of the Hebrides, 

 where we had first made its acquaintance. It is here so plen- 

 tiful that we found three nests within half a mile of each other, 

 all of which were tenanted, and there were numerous others at 

 a short distance. 



In these dismal woods, which are interspersed with patches of 

 high reeds, with dense brambles and underwood in the dryer 

 places, the water is often up to one's waist. Many sorts of wild 

 fowl literally swarm, and attract a corresponding number of birds 

 of prey. Vultures, Eagles, Falcons, Buzzards, Harriers, and 

 Owls were so numerous that in the evening nearly every tree 

 was tenanted by some great bird which had come from the sur- 

 rounding swamp to roost. Among these. Spotted and White- 

 tailed Eagles were most common ; and the latter were all breed- 



