Messrs. Elwes and Buckley 07i the Birds of Turkey. 339 



288. Anser ferus (Gniel.) 



Plentiful in Macedonia, and not uncommon in Bulgaria, 

 where it breeds. 



289. Anser albifrons (Gmel.). 

 Occasionally found in winter. 



290. Bernicla RUFicoLLis (Gmel.). 



Col. Drummond-llay says that he once saw this species in 

 Macedonia. 



291. Tadorna vulfanser, Fleming. 



Not uncommon near Kustendji, but by no means so plentiful 

 as the Ruddy Shell- drake. 



-f-292. Tadorna rutila (Pall.). 



Very common in the Dobrudscha, though we did not see it 

 anywhere else. In its habits it resembles the Common Shell- 

 drake, but is more fond of fresh water and of inland ranges 

 of rocks, whither it resorts in the breeding-season. The 

 nest is very difficult to find, as it is always in a hole, sometimes 

 in the middle of a corn-field, and the male bird keeps watch 

 near by to call the female oflF her eggs when any one ap- 

 proaches. 



We got a nest near Kustendji containing one egg, which is 

 exactly like that of the Common Shell-drake ; and the young 

 are marked with black and white in the same manner. The 

 Ruddy Shell-drake is very wary, and utters a harsh metallic 

 cry when disturbed, from whieh it is called " Angout " by the 

 Turks. 



293. Spatula clypeata (L.). 



One of the commonest Ducks in winter, and probably re- 

 mains to breed. 



294. Anas penelope, L. 



About the commonest Duck next to the Mallard, but we be- 

 lieve it is only a winter visitor. 



295. Anas boschas, L. 

 Abundant in all parts of Turkey. 



