358 Herr E. Hartert on the 



TURDUS ILIACUS^ L. 



The nortliernmost part of East Prussia^ near the fortress of 

 Memel, is perhaps the only place in Germany where this 

 Thrush used to breed regularly ; and there is every reason 

 to believe that it does so at the present time. About 

 fourteen years ago it was not very rare there, and several 

 nests and eggs were obtained, the latter being now almost all 

 in the late E. von Homey er^s collection and in my own. In 

 a few cases it has been found breeding in Germany oiit of 

 East Prussia, but these are probably exceptions. It passes 

 through in enormous numbers, chiefly in October and the 

 first half of April, but is not seen in winter. 



TCJRDUS VISCIVORUS, L. 



Breeds regularly twice a year, but not in large numbers. 



TuRDUS PILARIS, L. 



Breeds regularly, sometimes in single pairs, but more often 

 in society. There is no reason whatever to doubt that these 

 birds have always been pretty common. They were breeding 

 here about a hundred years ago, but nowadays they seem to 

 have become rather less numerous. 



(TuRDUS VARIUS, Pall. 



I know of two occurrences of this bird in West Prussia, 

 near to East Prussia. One, killed near Elbing in September 

 1842, is in the museum at Konigsberg, and the wings of 

 the other, killed in 1879, are preserved in the same museum.) 



(TURDUS SIBIRICUS, Pall. 



A female, killed 'iate in September 1851 near Elbing, 

 West Prussia, is in the Homeyer collection.) 



TuRDUS TORQUATUS. 



Much rarer than in Western Germany. It occurs singly' 

 and rarely as a migrant in October. 



TuRDUS MERULA. 



This bird, which is so familiar in most of the towns of 

 West Germany, is not at all common in East Prussia, and 

 does not breed in towns and villages. It is a somewhat shy 



