Birds of East Prussia. 363 



CiNCLUS CINCLUS (L.). 



The black-bellied form of the Dipper, the C. melanogaster 

 of most writers, which is no doubt the Sturnus cinclus of 

 Linnseus, is a very rare visitor in autumn and winter. I 

 have never noticed the Dipper in summer, but Herr Talke 

 informs me that he found it breeding on the Goldap river, a 

 small tributary of the Pregel, which descends rapidly from 

 the little plateau of the " Rominter Heide." Whether these 

 breeding birds belong to the northern subspecies or to Cinclus 

 merula is uncertain. I have not seen specimens. 



ACREDULA CAUDATA (L.). 



Breeds, but is much more numerous during the winter. 

 Only the true A. caudata, without any superciliary stripe, 

 occurs. 



Parus major, L. 



Parus c.eruleus, L. 



Parus cristatus, L. 



All three are common throughout the year, the former two 

 everywhere, the last in forests, especially in those consisting 

 of pine. 



Parus ater, L. 



Not common, and only met with in fir-forests. 



Parus palustris, L. 



The Marsh-Tit is common in East Prussia, and may be 

 seen all the year round. I have used the name Parus 

 palustris for the common Marsh-Tit of Central Europe, 

 but probably this name should be restricted to the northern 

 form, the Parus borealis of most authors. In this case the 

 form of Central Europe must be called Parus fruticeti, 

 Wallgr., and the English form, which is slightly diiferent, 

 Parus fruticeti dresseri. 



Reichenow (Syst. Verz. Vog. Deutschl. p. 1] (1889)) states 

 that the Northern Marsh-Titmouse occasionally visits East 

 Prussia. I have never seen a specimen, but it is not at all 

 surprising that in winter some of the northern birds should 

 visit this country, while the common form is certainly the 

 only one that breeds here. Taczanowski gives the northern 

 form also as a rare winter visitor in Poland. 



