Birds of East Prussia. 511 



swainsoni. It apparently breeds occasionally, as I have seen 

 specimens that were shot in summer ; but if it breeds it is 

 certainly a rare bird. 



Circus ^ruginosus (L.). 

 Common in swampy districts. 



VULTUR MONACHUS (L,). 



A specimen was killed in June 1881. Known as an 

 accidental straggler even more to the north. 



Gypsfulvus (Gm.). 



Several times as an accidental straggler. Killed in the 

 spring of 1844, in 1851, and in June 1881. 



TURTDR TURTUR (L.). 



Generally not rare. 



COLUMBA (ENAS, L. 



Generally very common. Arrives late in March or about 

 the middle o£ that month, and leaves the country in October. 

 It does not winter in East Prussia. 



CoLUMBA PALUMBUS, L. 



In most localities common. It does not winter in this 

 country, but it often does in Western and Southern Germany. 



Tetrao bonasia, L. 



Not rare now in many parts of East Prussia, especially 

 in the forests of the east, but is said to have been much 

 more numerous formerly. I have proofs that it was once 

 frequently met with in certain forests where it is not found 

 now. 



Tetrao tetrix, L. 



Although still not rare in many forests was no doubt 

 much more numerous in former times. 



Tetrao urogallus, L. 



Only found in a few large forests. Hybrids between 

 T. urogallus and T. tetrix have been shot a few times. 



Lagopus lagopus (L.). 



This species was commoner in former times, but became 

 very rare after the drying up and cultivation of the large 



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