38 Mr. Hugh Whistler on the 



looked for iu the Salt Range ; and at other times of the 

 year it forms a harbourage for many migrants and winter 

 stragglers, and a roosting-place for many thousands of 

 Rooks, Jackdaws, Starlings, Mynahs, and the like. 



Connected M-ith this geographical position, two other 

 results may be briefly noted : one is that in a large per- 

 centage of cases the species which are summer or winter 

 visitors are also passage migrants. This may be illustrated 

 by the case of Slphia parva, which arrives iu great force on 

 the autumn passage; but, although present throughout the 

 winter, it declines very largely in numbers as the passage 

 passes on ; it increases again in spring as the passage returns 

 and passes through, sweeping up the birds that only came 

 so far and stayed for the winter. This must occur in the 

 majority of cases, but is not always observable ; but where 

 the fact was clearly to be discerned in connection with a 

 species, I have noted it. 



The second fact is that during the winter one may find, 

 in proportion to the severeness of the weather, individuals 

 of common Western Himalayan species, e.g., Myiophuneus 

 temmincki and Oreicola ferrea, which have struggled down 

 to avoid the snow. This can hardly be classed as true 

 migration. 



One interesting feature of the district remains to be 

 noted. The Salt Range here forms one of the most marked 

 natural boundaries that could be found in the case of two 

 species — Brachjpterniis aurantius and Crateropus canorus. 

 During the two years that I have spent in the Jhelum and 

 Rawal Pindi districts, I have never met with a single in- 

 dividual of either bird on the Rawal Pindi side of the Salt 

 Range, while both are common residents on the Jhelum 

 side. Crateropus canorus occurs in the valley gardens 

 inside the Salt Range. 



Finally, I must emphasize the fact that this article in no 

 way pretends to be a complete list of the birds of the 

 district, while in the cases of many of the species dealt with, 

 their status may require revision. All I have done is to set 



