Birds of the Jhelum District. 39 



on record the results of a years daily observations between 

 April 1913 and April 1914. 



While admitting that a year's observation is not sufficient 

 for the making of a full or authoritative account of the bird- 

 life of any given area, I set the results on record, for India 

 is a land of fleeting tenures^ and work that is not published 

 is apt speedily to be lost. These rough notes may serve as 

 a foundation for other observers who chance to be stationed 

 at Jhelum, or prove useful for comparison for ornithologists 

 working in other disti-icts of North- West India. 



The nomenclature (with one or two exceptions) is that 

 of the four volumes on Birds by Blanford.& Oates in the 

 ' Fauna of British India ' series. I have to thank both 

 Dr. Ticehurst and Capt. C. H. T. Whitehead, M.B.O.U., 

 for much help and interest in my observations. 



[Mr. Hugh Whistler has asked me to add any notes of 

 interest on the moults and plumages of the skins in his 

 collection, and to identify the racial forms represented. 

 This I have done so far as I am able, and I have also added 

 notes on the soft parts, which were carefully recorded on 

 the labels at the time of skinning. As I have only seen 

 part of the collection, those birds which I have handled 

 have the wing-measurements noted against each in milli- 

 metres.— C. B. T.'\ 



Corvus coraz. The Raven. 

 854. 10.9.13. Sardi, 2900 ft., Salt Range. S- 

 A common resident, whose numbers appear to be increased 

 during the autumn and winter months by immigration. It 

 breeds commonly enough in the Salt Range and over the 

 high ground of the Chakwal tahsil. Theobald gives January 

 and February as the months for nesting, but I found nests 

 as follows : — February 24, c/4 fresh ; February 24, c/4 

 incub. ; March 8, c/3 incub. ; March 12, nest building. 

 Only one of these nests was built on a tree, the remaining 

 three being placed on ledges near the top of small cliffs at 

 the side of watercourses in the broken country about 

 Dumman and Chakwal. The birds were bold and aggressive 



