42 Mr. Hugh Whistler on the 



found from the end of the month until the middle of July, 

 Thousands roost in the Rak all the year round, and I could 

 see no diminution in the morning and evening flights even 

 during the nesting-season. The mortality amongst them 

 appears to be very heavy, as the ground in the Rak is littered 

 with remains ; some of the deaths are doubtless due to disease, 

 as on several occasions I caught sickly birds on the ground, 

 but the majority of the remains are undoubtedly those of 

 birds who have fallen into the clutches of the Eagle-owls 

 and Peregrines which haunt the jungle. 



[In one of the April birds the plumage is worn and the 

 wings brownish, it is moulting heavily on body and tail ; 

 the other is in full fresh feather. The juvenile differs from 

 the adult in having the crown and throat less black, the 

 nape less grey, and the underparts less pure, as well as being 

 less glossy generally. — C. B. T.'\ 



Corvus monedula. The Jackdaw. 



922. 6.11.13, Jhelum. Wing 240 mm. 



Wing 224 mm. 



„ 242 mm. 



„ 235 mm. 



A common winter visitor to the immediate neighbourhood 

 of Jhelum, but not noted elsewhere. They first arrived about 

 the middle of October, and became common by the end of that 

 month, continuing numerous until well into February : up 

 till this time they had always been found in company with 

 the Rooks, roosting with them in the Rak and joining in the 

 morning and evening flights. But during the second half 

 of February small flocks composed of Jackdaws alone were 

 noted (in addition to the birds in the flocks of Rooks) ; this 

 fact probably indicated the commencement of the return 

 migration, marked by a separation of the two species 

 consequent on their difi^erent destinations. By the middle 

 of March there were but very few about, the last bird being 

 noted on the 28th of that month. 



