76 Mr. Hugh Whistler on the 



separating them in the field. Motacilla citreola was definitely 

 identified as early as February 4, and as late as xMay 13. 

 M. citreoloides was definitely identified first on March 6, 

 while of two stragglers seen on June 4, one obtained was 

 referred to that race. They occur in the mixed flocks of 

 Wagtails, but are often found separately, and then generally 

 in grass and reeds round small ponds. The species also is 

 a very persistent feeder on the extreme edge of the river, 

 frequenting the broken lumps of earth which line the higher 

 banks marking the progress of erosion ; this is also a feeding- 

 ground beloved of M. alba and M. personata, but not of 

 M. beema and M. borealis. Both forms of Yellow-headed 

 Wagtail probably occur on the autumn migration. 



[715 is a fully adult male ; the other two spring birds 

 have the hind-neck black, the back grey mottled with black, 

 and I suppose them to be birds one year old ; all are in 

 fresh-moulted body-feather, and one appears to have recently 

 moulted the tertials, one has not, while the third has 

 moulted the longest tertial only. 



The three autumn birds I place under this species 

 tentatively ; they all have brown backs, grey rumps, and 

 broad white superciliaries, and are mottled on the lower 

 throat with brown; one is tinged with yellow on the belly, 

 another is pure white, while the third is tinged with pale 

 buff on all the underparts. They would appear to be birds 

 of the year, and therefore notoriously difficult to name. 

 There seems to be rather a lack of good material for 

 identifying young Wagtails, and until we can see a series of 

 first winter birds shot in their breeding-haunts before they 

 migrate, and after they have moulted from the juvenile 

 dress, the difficulty will remain. The matter is further 

 complicated by the fact that M. citi'eoloides, and perhaps 

 some others, takes two years to become adult. — C.B. 7.] 



Anthus trivialis. The Tree-Pipit. 



853. 10.9.1913. Sardi. Wing 84 ram. 



858. 12.9.1913. „ „ 90 mm. 



881. 17.9.1913. Jhelum. J . 



A spring and autumn. ])assagc-migrant in March-April 



