04 



level, and outliers o£ this formation are distributed at much 

 higher altitudes over the adjoining country. These outliers 

 differ very much in stratigraphical character ; some are highly 

 ferruginous, whilst others are chiefly composed of small quartz 

 pebbles cemented together by a ferruginous paste ; others 

 again consist of fine sand particles impregnated with ferru- 

 ginous matter. The best section of one of these outliers is 

 that exposed in a cutting on the road leading between Sec- 

 tions 8035 and 3059, The excavation is from 4 to 5 feet, com- 

 prising bedded sand rock 3 feet 6 inches under a cover of 

 earthy sand and surface deposits 1 foot 6 inches. The plane 

 of bedding, as nearly as coukl be ascertained, is horizontal. 



The following is a vertical section of the Gawler Eeservoir, 

 which has recently been excavated to a depth of 12 feet in the 

 Miocene beds, situated in Section 3073, Hundred of Barossa, 

 and at an elevation of 389 feet above sea level : — 



Dark-coloured soil ... 



Subsoil, marly clay ... 



Stiff chocolate coloured clay, supposed to be Miocene 



Soft unfossiliferous sand rock, ferruginous 



Total 12 



Fossil Uemauis collected from the Crawler beds at Thorup's 

 Eavine, and determined by Professor Tate, are as follows : — 

 Clathurella, sp. ; Teredo, sp. ; Cardium, sp., aff. acuticostatum ; 

 Trigonia semiundulata, McCoy; Leda Martha) (?), McCoy. 



In Thorup's Eavine, and throughout the area of Gawler 

 East, especially at Mars Hill, many fine specimens of silicified 

 wood have been discovered, both in situ and in the debris. 

 Though chiefly found in a fragmentary state, yet the freshly 

 w^oody-fractured appearance many of the specimens present 

 leads to the conclusion that the site of their growth was not 

 far distant. Also on the south-south-east side of Cockatoo 

 Valley the leaves of a tree evidently belonging to some of the 

 existing Australian species have lately been discovered in a 

 highly ferruginised sandstone of Miocene age. This interesting 

 specimen is exhibited in the Gawler Museum. In treating of 

 the silicified wood of Gawler, Professor Tate, in his annual 

 address to the Philosophical Society of South Australia for 

 1878-9, page 59, says : — " Again, the scarped ridge east of the 

 main street of Gawler is made up of coarse sand, crowned by 

 rounded gravel. The sands contain blocks of stone, resulting 

 from consolidation of the sands by carbonate of lime, which 

 yield a few marine fossils, and also silicified stems, having a 

 structure resembling that of Casuarina and Eucalyptus.'' The 

 Professor adds : — " The process of silicification took place sub- 



