Control of the San Jose Scale in Japan. 29 



Microscopic study shows that there are also some variations in the last 

 abdominal segment of females, hard to find, not even two halves of the same 

 insect being equal. But the relative sizes of the chitinous processes between 

 the first and second lobe remain almost the same " close together and nearly 

 equal in size." Tbe anal plates of the female are so variable in size, number 

 and shape, as shown in the accompanying figures (Plate ii), that in two 

 halves of an insect they are very seldom found alike. 



Prof. C. Sasaki has not recognized the occurrence of the San Jose Scale 

 in Japan when he wrote tbe paper ;* for tbere are some differences in structure 

 in some stages, the scale, male, female and larva. The writer can not believe, 

 from the facts which bave come under bis observation, tbat tbe specimens 

 under examination are new or even different varieties of tbe San Jose Scale, 

 be believes tbey are tbe true San Jose Scale, nothing else. 



If we bave any right to claim new species or varieties from a slight 

 difference in colour, shape and marking of an animal, we are to make endless 

 species and varieties. In the case of the San Jose Scale the colour and shape 

 of male scale and female scale differ much in tbe minute structure as men- 

 tioned above ; even the two halves of the same individual specimen can not be 

 found to agree exactly. It is true that no two individuals are quite equal. 



XIII. Control of the San Jose Scale in Japan. 



(Refer to Plates VII and VIII.) 



In spite of all efforts to check this and other foes tbe San Jose Scale 

 eluded the farmer and fruit growers because of its inconspicuous appearance 

 and their want of knowledge concerning it ; it bas rapidly extended its range 

 until it now occurs in nearly every province of the empire ; it is most 

 abundant on pear and apple trees, growing on rather, low land, and less 

 abundant at a high range. 



In tbe writer's report on " the San Jose Scale in Ja]Dan " he made tbe 

 following remarks : — 



;* " On the Japanese species allied to the San Jose Scale in America," Anuotationes Zoologicae 

 Japonensea Vol. Ill, part IV, Tokyo, Japan, 1900, 



