How the San Joso Scale was spread in Japan. a 



V. How the San Jose Scale was spread in Japan. 



(Refer to Plate III.) 



Fiom the following detailed account it will be seen that in almost every 

 instance the infested localities trace the introduction of the pest to trees 

 purchased from three or four well known nurseries. These nurseries, like 

 those in America, through their shipment have been the means of spreading 

 the scale widely throughout the empire. 



As already mentioned the Kwaitaknshi received stock from America in 

 1876, and planted the trees in the experimental field at Awoyama, Tokyo for 

 propagation ; in the few years following some were sent to Hokkaido, Angio 

 in Saitama-ken, Awomori-ken, and Iwate-ken for experimental purpose ; of the 

 above districts Hokkaido, Awomori and Iwate were chosen for cultivation of 

 apple and pear etc, while Angio for stock nursery. Angio is a celebrated nur- 

 sery district known to the public for more than a century as a nursery for orna- 

 mental trees and Japanese fruit trees. Foon aftervv^ards the well known nur- 

 series of Ikeda and Itami in Settsu province near Osaka, and Nakazima in Aichi- 

 ken introduced foreign fruit trees such as apple, peach, pear etc- from Tokyo to 

 their gardens for propagation and sale. The original trees are still there. 



It is a well Icnown fact that the larger part of the scale, which has been 

 propagated over the different provinces of the empire, has come either directly 

 or indirectly from the above mentioned districts. 



VI. Distribution and present status of the San Jose Scale in Japan. 



(Refer to Plate I\.) 



We have visited 482 localities in the four main islands of the empire^ 

 Hokkaido, Hondo, Shikoku and Kiushiu, including private gardens, orchards 

 and nurseries ; and the number of trees examined in each locality varied from 

 half a dozen to several hundreds ; we crossed over high mountains and deep 

 valleys, sea level land, plains and wild forests of high elevation where no 

 explorers had been before. 



Out of 482 localities we found the scale in 145, which are marked distinct- 



