4 The San Jose Scale in Japan. 



trees in tbe nursery rows offer the best possible opportunit}^ for the young 

 and movable larvae of the insects to spread from one tree to another, thus 

 an immense number of trees being quickly infested by the pests. The inter- 

 change of scions and cuttings between farmers and gardeners also aids the 

 distribution of the pests ; the distribution of infested fruits is also a probable 

 factor in the spread of the scale insect. 



In 1871, 4th year of Meiji, Mr. J. Hosokawa, a secretary of the Internal 

 administrative department of Japan, who was in America at that time, sent 

 grains, seeds of vegetables, nursery stock of many kinds and American 

 agricultural tools and implements to the country. This is the first time that 

 fruit trees were introduced into the empire irom the west, so far as we find 

 in our records ; it is known, however, that some apple and other fruit trees 

 had already reached the land from the west, but the exact historj^ of these 

 trees is untraceable now. In 1B75, 8th year of Meiji, the Japanese Consulate 

 of San Francisco, California, sent a lot of fruit trees and vines, lemon, orange, 

 berry and hop etc. to the Agricultural bureau of the Internal administrative 

 department. In the following year 3,600 stalks of grapes and other fruit 

 trees including apple trees were obtained from America and planted in the 

 experimental field Kwaitakushi at Awoyama, Tokyo ; after a while they 

 were sent to nearly all local experiment fields in the empire. Since then 

 fr;iits, cuttings, roots and grafts of all kinds have been introduced constpaitly, 

 chiefly coming from California through the port of San Francisco. 



It is very likely that the San Jose scale was introduced into Japan with 

 the infested stock about that time. It is said by many American writers 

 that the pest was recognized by fruit growers of California about 1878 ; and 

 Prof. J. H. Comstock introduced it to the notice of the scientific world in 1880 

 for the first time. From these facts we can sea that when the Japanese 

 Consulate of San Francisco sent the stock from there to Japan, the pest 

 was already widely propagated in the valley of Sant Clara, California. 



