310 
APPENDIX. 
Bring-to. — The act of a whale when it ceases 
its progressive motion. 
Eroken voyage. — An unprofitable voyage, or a 
losing voyage. 
Case. — The sack or cavity which lies on the 
right side and upper portion of the head 
of a Sperm "Whale, and which contains oil 
and spermaceti. These combined constitute 
what is called "head -matter." 
Cooler. — A copper or iron tank into which the 
oil from the try -pots is first bailed. 
Cutting -spade. — A sharp, flat implement, like 
a thin chisel, which is fixed to a pole ten 
or more feet in length, and is used in cut- 
ting the blubber from a whale. A "bone- 
spade" is merely a cutting -spade, with a 
long, thin shank to it. It is employed in 
cutting out the throat -bone of a baleen 
whale. The "head-spade" is thicker and 
heavier than the ordinary cutting - spade, 
and is used in cutting the skull -bone, 
which separates the whale's head from the 
body. See illustration, pi. xxv. 
Carting distance. — The distance the harpoon 
is usually thrown effectively by hand, which 
is about eighteen feet. 
Deck -pot. — An iron pot of similar shape and 
size with the tiy-pots, but having legs to it. 
Fast. — A term used when the harpoon pene- 
trates the whale, "as the boat is fast," 
signifying that the boat is fastened to the 
whale by means of the harpoon attached to 
the line. 
Fins. — The pectorals or side fins of a whale 
are called fins, in contradistinction to the 
flukes, or caudal fin. 
Finning. — The action of a whale when lying 
partly on its side, raising one fin out of 
the water, and striking it upon the surface, 
causing a splash. 
Fire -pike. — An instrument used in feeding and 
stirring the fires when trying out oil. See 
illustration, fig. 5, p. 239. 
Flukes. — The posterior extremities, or caudal 
fin of a whale. 
Flukes, to cut flukes out, or the -whale cuts 
its flukes out. — Is a whaler's phrase to 
describe the action of the animal when it 
throws its caudal fin sidewise and upward, 
upon or above the surface of the water, 
which is an indication that the creature has 
taken fright, and suddenly endeavors to 
escape. "He attempted to cut his flukes 
out," is a slang expression in whaling par- 
lance, when any members of a ship's com- 
pany become refractory, or attempt in any 
manner to create disturbance on board. 
GafF, or gaff'-hook. — A sharp, strong iron hook 
attached to a short or long wooden handle, 
and used in handling blubber. See pi. xxv. 
Galley. — Frightened; as, "The whale is gal- 
lied," or "The boat-steerer got so gallied 
he could not strike the whale." The state 
of being frightened. 
Gam. — Signifies two or more ships meeting, and 
their comjianies exchanging visits. Gam also 
signifies a large collection or herd of whale- 
bone whales. 
Gamming. — To visit from one whaling -vessel 
to another. 
Gurry. — Is the term by which the combination 
of water, oil, and dirt is known when col- 
lected upon the ship's deck and below, dur- 
ing the time of cutting in and boiling out 
a whale. 
Head - spade. — A thick, heavy cutting - spade 
used in cutting the head-bones of a whale. 
See head- spade, pi. xxv. 
Hopper, or scrap - hopper. — A flaring wooden 
box used as a receptacle for the scraps when 
taken from the try -pots. 
Hose -cock. — A large brass cock attached to the 
end of the oil -hose. 
Hose -scuttle.— A small opening in a whaling- 
vessel's deck through which the oil from a 
cask runs into the hose -tub. 
Hose -tub. — A large wooden tub, or copper 
tank, with a strainer in the bottom to 
which the oil -hose is attached. The tub is 
lashed close beneath the deck, immediately 
under the hose -scuttle. 
Hump. — A protuberance or elevation ujson the 
top of a whale's body, and generally near- 
est to the posterior extremity. In some 
species it appears somewhat like a dorsal 
fin. 
Junk. — A wedge -shaj^ed mass of cellular mem- 
branous substance, filled with oil and sperm- 
aceti, which lies between the case and the 
white -horse of a Sperm Whale's head. 
Knuckle-joint. — The joint of the fin, or pec- 
torals, which connects with the shoulder- 
blade of a whale. 
Lay on, or lay the boat on. — Is to turn the 
