310 



APPENDIX. 



Bring -to. — The act of a wLale when it ceases 

 its progressive motion. 



Eroken voyage. — Au unprofitable voyage, or a 

 losing voyage. 



Case. — The sack or cavity which lies on the 

 right side and upper portion of the head 

 of a Sperm Whale, and which contains oil 

 and spermaceti. These combined constitute 

 what is called "head -matter." 



Cooler. — A copper or iron tank into which the 

 oil from the tiy-pots is first bailed. 



Cutting -spade. — A sharj), flat implement, like 

 a thin chisel, which is fixed to a pole ten 

 or more feet in length, and is used in cut- 

 ting the blubber from a whale. A "bone- 

 spade" is merely a cutting -spade, with a 

 long, thin shank to it. It is employed in 

 cutting out the throat -bone of a baleen 

 whale. The "head-sisade" is thicker and 

 heavier than the ordinary cutting - spade, 

 and is used in cutting the skull -bone, 

 which separates the whale's head from the 

 body. See illustration, pi. xxv. 



Carting distance. — The distance the harpoon 

 is usually thrown effectively by hand, which 

 is about eighteen feet. 



Deck-pot. — An iron pot of similar shape and 

 size with the tiy-pots, but having legs to it. 



Fast. — A term used when the harpoon pene- 

 trates the whale, "as the boat is fast," 

 signifying that the boat is fastened to the 

 whale by means of the harp)Oon attached to 

 the line. 



Fins. — The jjectorals or side fins of a whale 

 are called fins, in contradistinction to the 

 flukes, or caudal fin. 



Finning. — The action of a whale when lying 

 partly on its side, raising one fin out of 

 the water, and striking it upon the siuface, 

 causing a splash. 



Fire -pike. — An instrument used in feeding and 

 stirring the fires when tiying out oil. See 

 illustration, fig. 5, p. 239. 



Flukes. — The posterior extremities, or caudal 

 fin of a whale. 



Flukes, to cut flukes out, or the whale cuts 

 its flukes out. — Is a whaler's phrase to 

 describe the action of the animal when it 

 throws its caudal fin sidewise and upward, 

 upon or above the surface of the water, 

 which is an indication that the creature has 

 taken fright, and suddenly endeavors to 



escape. "He attempted to cut his flukes 

 out," is a slang expression in whaling par- 

 lance, when any members of a ship's eom- 

 l^any become refractoiy, or attempt in any 

 manner to create disturbance on board. 



GaiT, or gaff'- hook. — A sharp, strong iron hook 

 attached to a short or long wooden handle, 

 and used in handling blubber. See p)l. xxv. 



Galley. — Frightened; as, "The whale is gal- 

 lied," or "The boat-steerer got so gallied 

 he could not strike the whale." The state 

 of being frightened. 



Gam. — Signifies two or more ships meeting, and 

 their companies exchanging visits. Gam also 

 signifies a large collection or herd of whale- 

 bone whales. 



Gamming. — To visit from one whaling -vessel 

 to another. 



Gurry. — Is the term by which the combination 

 of water, oil, and dirt is known when col- 

 lected upon the ship's deck and below, dur- 

 ing the time of cutting in and boiling out 

 a whale. 



Head - spade. — A thick, heavy cutting - spade 

 used in cutting the head -bones of a whale. 

 See head-sjiade, pi. xxv. 



Hopper, or scrap - hopper. — A flaring wooden 

 box used as a receptacle for the scraps when 

 taken from the try -pots. 



Hose -cock. — A large brass cock attached to the 

 end of the oil-hose. 



Hose -scuttle.— A small oj^ening in a whaling- 

 vessel's deck through which the oil from a 

 cask runs into the hose -tub. 



Hose -tub. — A large wooden tub, or copper 

 tank, with a strainer in the bottom to 

 which the oil -hose is attached. The tub is 

 lashed close beneath the deck, immediately 

 under the hose -scuttle. 



Hump. — A 231'otuberance or elevation ujjon the 

 toj) of a whale's body, and generally near- 

 est to the posterior extremity. In some 

 species it ap)pears somewhat like a dorsal 

 fin. 



Junk. — A wedge-shaped mass of cellular mem- 

 branous substance, filled with oil and sperm- 

 aceti, which lies between the case and the 

 white -horse of a Sperm Whale's head. 



Knuckle-joint. — The joint of the fin, or pec- 

 torals, which connects with the shoulder- 

 blade of a whale. 



Lay on, or lay the boat on. — Is to turn the 



