314 THE HIND FOOT OR PES. [chap. 



principal bonds of union between these groups. The hallux 

 is large and opposable, with a flattened ungual phalanx. 

 The second digit in Lenmr has a narrow, pointed, ungual 

 phalanx, while that of the other digits is flat and spatulate, as 

 in the Simiina. In Chiroinys all the ungual phalanges, except 

 that of the hallux, are compressed, curved, and pointed. 



In Perodicticus there is a supplemental ossicle in the 

 transverse ligament of the plantar surface of the tarsus, 

 corresponding to that met with in the carpus (see p. 260). 



A remarkable elongation of the tarsal segment of the pes 

 occurs in the Galagos {OtoUcnus), owing to the modification 

 of two bones, the calcaneum and the navicular ; the distal 

 portion of the former, and the whole of the latter, having the 

 form of nearly cylindrical rods placed side by side, while 

 the other bones retain nearly their normal form and propor- 

 tions. A precisely similar modification is carried to a still 

 greater extent in the genus Tarsius (see Fig. 115, p. 313). 



All the terrestrial Carnivora have the normal number of 

 tarsal bones, with very little deviation from their normal 

 form and relations. 



The hallux is present and well developed, though shorter 

 than the other toes in the Ursidce, Procyonidce^ Alustelidte, 

 and most of the Viverridie. In the Canidce^ HycEiiidct, and 

 Pelidce^ it is only represented by a rudimentary metatarsal. 

 The other four metatarsals and digits are always well de- 

 veloped and subequal. The ungual phalanges in the FelidcR 

 present the same characters as those of the fore limb (see 

 p. 262). 



In the Bears, the foot is flat, broad, and plantigrade. In 

 the Dogs and Cats, it is longer and narrower, and the heel 

 is raised from the ground in walking. 



In the Sea Otter {Enhydra), the hind foot approximates 

 to that of the Seals. It is very large and flattened, almost 



