ROSACE. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 103 
CRATAIGUS ARN OLDIANA. 
Scarlet Haw. 
STAMENS 10; anthers pale yellow. Leaves ovate or rarely oval, thin, dark green, 
and lustrous. 
Cratzegus Arnoldiana, Sargent, Bot. Gazette, xxxi. 221 (1901). 
A tree, from fifteen to twenty feet in height, with a short trunk ten or twelve inches in diameter, 
and stout ascending branches which form a broad open irregular head. The bark of young stems and 
large branches is thin, smooth, and light gray, but near the base of old trunks it becomes nearly black 
and is broken into large closely appressed thick scales. The branchlets are slender, very zigzag, and 
armed with many stout straight or slightly curved bright chestnut-brown shining spines which vary from 
two inches and a half to three inches in length and retain their brilliancy for four or five years ; clothed 
with long matted pale hairs when they first appear and marked by numerous large oblong pale lenticels, 
the branchlets become dark orange-brown and very lustrous before midsummer, glabrous or puberulous 
during their first winter, bright orange-brown or gray-brown during their second season, and finally ashy 
gray. The winter-buds are oblong, gradually narrowed to the obtuse apex, bright red and lustrous, and 
about three sixteenths of an inch long. The leaves are broadly ovate or rarely oval, acute at the apex, 
irregularly divided above the middle into numerous short acute lobes, and coarsely doubly serrate, with 
straight glandular teeth except at the rounded truncate or occasionally cuneate base; when they unfold 
they are coated with dense matted pale hairs, and at maturity are membranaceous, smooth, very dark 
green and lustrous on the upper surface, paler on the lower surface, from two to three inches long and 
broad, and slightly villose on the under side of the slender midribs and the thin although prominent 
remote primary veins which extend to the points of the lobes and are but little impressed above; they 
are borne on slender nearly terete petioles which vary from three quarters of an inch to an inch and a 
half in length, and at first densely villose are ultimately puberulous. The stipules are linear, coarsely 
glandular-serrate, often an inch long, and caducous. The flowers, which are three quarters of an inch 
in diameter, open during the last week in May and are borne on slender pedicels, in broad compound 
many-flowered thin-branched tomentose corymbs, with lanceolate or oblanceolate coarsely glandular-serrate 
bracts. The calyx-tube is broadly obconic and densely tomentose, and the lobes are narrow, elongated, 
acuminate, glandular-serrate, villose on both surfaces, and reflexed after the flowers open. There are 
ten stamens with slender filaments and large pale yellow anthers, and from three to five but usually 
three or four styles which are surrounded at the base by a broad ring of thick white tomentum. The 
fruit, which ripens about the middle of August and falls before the first of September, is borne on stout 
pedicels, in erect spreading or rarely drooping few-fruited villose clusters; it is subglobose, but rather 
longer than broad, bright crimson, marked by numerous large pale dots, villose particularly toward 
the ends, with long scattered white hairs, and three quarters of an inch long; the calyx-cavity is broad 
and shallow, and the lobes are elongated, coarsely glandular-serrate, villose, wide-spreading, and often 
deciduous before the fruit ripens ; the flesh is thick, bright yellow, and subacid. The three or four 
nutlets are thick, light-colored, prominently ridged on the back, with high rounded ridges, and about a 
quarter of an inch long. 
Crategus Arnoldiana forms thickets on a dry bank in the Arnold Arboretum, where for many 
years it was confounded with the Crategus mollis of Illinois, and grows in the valley of the Mystic 
