4 ON GYMNOSPERMATOUS FRUITS 
much simpler arrangement than in that of Con if era. In Cycadece the 
scales are arranged either in a vertical series, as in the female cone of 
Zamia, or the secondary spirals consist of only two series, and the 
amount of obliquity in their direction is the same whether they wind 
to the left or to the right, as in Encephalartos. 
CYCADEiE. 
Corda in Keuss's ' Die Versteinerungen der Bohmischen Kreidefor- 
mation,' says he has never seen any real fossil Cycadean fruits, except 
the two that he there describes. These are Microzamia ffibba, n female 
cone, unlike any recent Cycadean cone in having from three to six 
seeds supported by each scale, and Zamiostrobus familiaris, which from 
the form of the scales, and from having vascular bundles scattered 
through the medulla of the axis, he considers a true Cycad, and pro- 
bably the male cone of the former species. Endlicher established the 
genus Zamiostrobus for a cone he believed to be Cycadean. But as 
m 
will presently be shown, it was founded in error, and great confusion 
has since been created by making it the receptacle for cones, whose 
affinities could not be made out. Of the seven species now placed in 
the genus, four are in this paper referred to the Conifers. What 
Z. Fittoui, Ung., may be or may not be, it is impossible to say from 
Pitton's drawing in the ' Geological Transactions,' 2nd series, vol. iv. 
t. xxii. f. 11. Pitton had a longitudinal section of it made, but he 
tells us (1. c. p. 349) that it " did not exhibit any indication of vege- 
table structure." In the British Museum there is a cast of a cone 
belonging to C. B. Hose, Esq., which corresponds remarkably with 
Fitton's figure. It was obtained from the Lower Greensand at Down- 
ham, near Lynn, Norfolk ; but I believe the original specimen has de- 
composed, like so many pyritic fossils, so that it can throw no light 
on the matter. Corda, after a fresh examination of Z. familiaru Ui 
has shown it to be Cycadean ; and the remaining species, Z. crassus, 
is most probably Cycadean, although the materials for its determi- 
nation are not entirely satisfactory. 
A singidar fossil occurs at Kunswick Bay in the Lower Oolite, to 
which Lindley and I lutton give the name of Zamia gigas. James Yates, 
Esq., and Prof. Williamson, have examined the structure of this plant. 
ProF. Williamson originally considered the "collar" (the so-called 
fruit of the fossil) as a series of protecting scales, beyond which the 
