320 ON POLLINIFEROUS OVULES IN A ROSE. 
I may here point oat that the position of the ovule, when changed 
in either of the ways just mentioned, is subject to variation ; sometimes 
it is on the margin of the carpellary leaf, leading to the inference that 
the ovale is bat a modification of the marginal lobes (Brongniart, 
Planchon, etc.). At other times it seems to originate not from the 
margin, but from the inner or upper surface of the carpel, midway be- 
tween the centre and the margins, while in a third set of cases the 
ovules are manifestly directly attached to the axis, the carpel* them- 
selves being sometimes completely undeveloped. 
These changes are usually co-existent with a leafy state of the carpel, 
the margins of which are generally disunited, so that the ovules some- 
times lie on the surface of the open carpel, pretty much as the seeds of 
Conifers do on the scales of the cone. Another thing worthy of re- 
mark is the frequency with which, under circumstances like those just 
mentioned, two ovules are developed in the place of one ; thus, m the 
Green Rose, two ovules are always found on the open, foliaceous car- 
pels, and a similar increase in number has recently been recorded by 
myself in Ranunculus Ficaria* 
3. Not only may a branch be found occupying the position of an 
ovule, but sometimes also a flower-bud or an ovary. Thus in Cruci- 
fers it is not unusual to find a flower-bud or a silique actually in the 
ovary, in a line with the ovules. I have met with a similar instance 
in a grape, where a perfect berry was enclosed within the ordinary 
fruit, replacing one of the seeds. Something of the same kind may 
occasionally be met with in the Tomato. 
It can hardly be said in these cases that the structure of the ovule 
is involved, as the change seems rather to consist in the substitution 
of flower-bud or seed-vessel for ovule, not in the permutation of tie 
latter. . 
Such, in brief, were the main teratological changes which had een 
observed in the ovule when Professor A. Braun drew up a r&»** ° 
the subject in the appendix to his paper, " Ueber Polyembryonie uo 
Keimung von Ccelobogvne," a French version of which is given W 
'Annalesdes Sciences Naturelles,' vol. xiv. anno 1860, pp. ao i 
Since Braun drew up his accouut, several cases of ovular malforma 1 
have been published, notably by Caspary, Baillon, Marchand, FlelSC jjj 
and others, to which I do not intend now further to refer, as they a 
* Seemann's ' Journal of Botany,' 1867, p. 158. 
