ANALYSIS OF CHINCHONA BARK AND LEAVES. 17 
as a guide to assist in determining affinity, then the Cycad-looking 
stem of Brainea should be compared with that of humble Gymnograms. 
But, surely, many forms have yet to be discovered before Brainea can be 
said to have originated from Gymnograms, or the latter from Brainea. 
On the other hand, it is easy to see that Brainea, Sadleria, Lo- 
maria, and the whole of Blechnum, are of the same lineage, and quite 
unconnected with Gymnogramme. The absence of an indusium in 
Brainea does not reason against this view, being analogous to the want 
of indusie in closely-allied species of Phegopteridia, 
Dr. Hance also brings to notice the relationship between Polypodium 
aud Acrostichum, on which, at some future time, I may offer a few 
remarks. 
ANALYSIS OF CHINCHONA BARK AND LEAVES, RE- 
CEIVED JUNE 21sr, 1865. 
From W. G. M Ivor, Esq., Superintendent of the Government Chinchona Plan- 
tations, Ootacamund, to C. G. Master, Esq., Secretary to the Government 
Revenue ; 
Ootacamund, 3rd May, 1865. 
Sir, —I have the honour to forward by baughy a box containing a 
further supply of Chinehona bark, as per memorandum annexed, for 
transmission to the Right Honourable the Seeretary of State for India, 
in order that it may be submitted to Mr. Howard for analysis and 
report. The bark now forwarded was removed from the plants in the 
early part of April last, or as the sap begins to rise, as at this season 
the bark separates freely from the wood. Specimens Nos. 2 and 3 are 
renewed barks; these attain extraordinary thickness in a short period 
of growth; and if they contain a proportionate quantity of alkaloids, 
this system of treating the plants appears to offer greater advantages 
than the other methods proposed. I may observe that further obser- 
vation seems to establish that this system of removing strips of bark 
from the stems of the plants can be practised without injury, provided 
the wound is instantly covered with damp moss; inattention to 
covering the wounds having produced the bad effects detailed in my 
letter of the 17th March, 1864. 
VOL, Iv. [JANUARY 1, 1866.] c 
