BOTANICAL NEWS. 95 
January llth. -Dr. Greville, sia: in the chair.—The following com- 
munications were read :—I. Notes on Orchella Weed and on a new Spheria 
from Angola, West Africa. By Dr. L. Lindsay. The author stated that he 
had found attached to specimens of Angola Orchella-weed fragments of the 
twig 
He remarked that it was of importance that we should know the species of 
trees which nourished the valuable Roccella (R. Montagnei and R. fuciformis), 
which constitutes ^ e of commerce, imported largely from the coasts 
of Central Africa. ese Roccelle, which appear to have completely super- 
seded all other siet in the manufacture of orchil and eudbear, are as com- 
mon in the eastern as in the mecs coasts of Africa. Dr. Kirk has sent 
specimens of a state of Roccella Suciformis, growing on Dalbergia Melanoxylon 
on the Roruma river, in aeai n Africa. On the same twigs affected 
by the Roccella there i f minute Verrucarie and Graphidia, with 
occasional Parmelie. Associated with Verrucaria epidermis, Mr. Curre; 
detected in Dr. Lindsay's specimens a new species of Spheria, which Dr. 
Lindsay has called Spheria Kirkiana. II. On the Parts involved in the 
Process of Defoliation. By Mr. W. R. M*Nab. The author showed that the 
process of defoliation was to be studied only by an examination of M — 
ment of the leaf, From off the plant appears a small mamilla or cushion, 
which the author called the phylloblast. This, at a certain stage, dan 
differentiated into two parts, one near the axis—a stationary part—the other a 
rapidly-developing part — to the axis, not directly, but through the 
lower part. The stationary lo art he called the hypophyll; the €— the 
epiphyll. The hypophyll Iid the stipules from any part of its 
The epiphyll developed the parts of the leaf proper—lamina and ets The 
stipules are thus not properly appendages of the petiole, but belong to a mor- 
phologically distinct part. In the leaves of deciduous plants (those with free 
leaf falls off so as to leave the stipules and hypophyll entire, as in Cytisus La- 
burnum, Lirriodendrum tulipifera, ete., the cicatrix being formed by the hypo- 
phyli. The author then maintains that the separation tben] place k hates one 
part of the leaf and another 
axis and leaf, as has generally been supposed "to be the case. Mr On Chin- 
chona Cultivation in Ceylon. By Mr. Clements Markham. Markham, 
of the India Office, has been deputed by the Government to c s se 
the western coast of India, and try to induce them to cultivate the Chin- 
chona-tree, in order that a new source of supply of quinine may be obtained. 
He has been visiting and reporting on the Hakgalla P in Ceylo 
IV. uring a Tour in Ireland in By Mr. F. Naylor. 
Among the plan with were—Dabecia polifolia, Erica Me 
and E. wine Saxifraga hirta, and various species of the Robertsonian 
Saxifrages, Eriocaulon septangulare, Pinguicula grandiflora, Cyperus fuscus, 
Trichomanes radicans, Adiantum Capillus-Veneris, etc. V. Report on the 
Flowering of Plants in the Open Airatthe Royal Botanie Garden. By Mr. 
M‘Nab. 
