224 PHYLLOID SHOOTS OF SCIADOPITYS VERTICILLATA. 
Hieracio murorum, Linn., foliis glaucis, supra glaberrimis, pl. maculatis, 
margine longe ciliatis, capitulis paucis, floribus dilutius aureis, invo- 
lucro non tam glandulifero. Apud nos in Palatinatu Z7. f£ quatuor- 
decim dies prius quam H. murorum floret, imo szepius jam mense Aprili. 
ON THE PHYLLOID SHOOTS OF SCIADOPITYS VER- 
TICILLATA, Sieb. & Zucc. 
By Arex. Dickson, M.D. 
Botanists have long been familiar with plants where a very much 
reduced condition of the leaves is correlated with a leaf-like develop- 
ment of certain shoots, which, physiologically, may be said to play the 
part of leaves. These phylloid shoots, like the organs which they 
simulate, are very variable in form, some being flattened, as in Xylo- 
phylla, Phyllocladus, and Ruscus; others more or less cylindrical or 
needle-like, as in the abortive peduncles which perform leaf func- 
tions m Asparagus. These structures may be provided with rudimen- 
tary leaves springing from the margin, or some part of the surface, as 
in Ruscus and Xylophylia, from the axils of which flowers are frequently 
produced ; while in others, such as Danaida (Ruscus) racemosa and 
Asparagus, these leaf-like shoots neither give origin to leaves nor 
flowers. Such shoots (with exception of some in Phyllocladus) are 
invariably arrested in their longitudinal development by the atrophy 
of the punctum vegetationis. They are readily recognised by their 
position as axillary to true leaves. 
In Sciadopitys Y have to call attention to the fact that the leaves 
of the growing shoots (except in young plants) consist, as in Pinus, 
entirely of bud-scales. In each year’s growth the lower scales are 
placed at some distance from each other, and, for the most part, do 
not produce axillary branches. The scales towards the extremity of 
the year’s growth, on the other hand, are closely approximated to each 
other, and in their axils are produced those bodies which have hitherto 
been termed the leaves of this plant. These are green linear organs, 
ing a considerable resemblance to the leaves of some other Coni- 
fers, and occur singly in the axils of the scales. They are slightly 
bifid at their extremity, and exhibit a pretty deep mesial furrow on 
