152 SCULPTURE OF THE TESTA OF GERMAN JUNCACES, 
We are at once struck with their size, which, of course, is accounted 
for by the fact that in Zuzula there are only three seeds in each cap- 
sule, whilst Juncus is many-seeded. The seeds of all species are also 
of a very dark colour. Yellow seeds, like those of Juncus effusus, do 
not oecur; but, on the other hand, they are often ferrugineous, and 
very dark brown. In outline the seeds are not so oblique as those of 
Juncus; they oscillate between elongate-ovate and rotundate-ovate. 
Those of L. pediformis are very peculiar, being nearly peltate. The 
outline is, however, variously affected by the appendicule, which in 
L. Forsteri, pilosa, and flavescens projects beyond the chalaza, the point 
on the apex of the seed, and the papillose projection at the hilum 
(L. campestris, pallescens, and caricina). L. pediformis is again peculiar 
in this respect, its funiculus terminating at the base in a papille, and 
at the apex in a pointed appendix, so that this species forms an inter- 
mediate link between the first and third group. The finer sculpture of 
the testa in Zuzula is, however, much more simple than in Juncus, 
there being merely either a regular or longitudinally-stretched reticula- 
tion, caused by the dissepiments of the cells of the testa. The mem- 
brane of the meshes is either even or concave, and often with rather 
longitudinal wrinkles,— perhaps owing to the process of drying. Deli- 
cate transverse lines on the membrane of the meshes I found only in 
the curious L. pediformis. 
l. Luzula pilosa, Willd. Semina orbiculari-ovata, obtusissima, in 
apice superiore appendice oblique cultriformi instructa ; indistincte re- 
gulariter reticulata et subrugosa, subnitida ; brunnea, appendice alba ; 
long. 0:7" (cum app. 1:0, app. 0:6) ; lat. 0:5-0:6", 
2. L. flavescens, Gaud. Semina late obovata, appendice obliqua 
cultriformi acuta; regulariter reticulata et indistincte longitudinaliter 
rugosa, subnitida; ferruginea, appendice vitellina; long. 0:75-0:8 
(cum app. 1:6-1:7) ; lat. 0:4. 
3. L. Forsteri, De Cand. Semina orbiculari-ovata, obtusa, appen- 
dice obliqua in funiculum decurrente instructa ; regulariter reticulata, 
areis subrugosis, subnitida; brunnea, appendice vitellina ; long. 
0:5-0-65 (cum app 1*0) ; lat. 0:45-0-5. 
4. L. sylvatica, Gaud. Semina ovata, apiculata ; regulariter reticu- 
lata, areis subrugosis, subnitida; brunnea, apice grisea ; long. 0:8; 
lat. 0°35, 
5. L. Pedemontana, Boiss. Semina oblique ovata, breviter apicu- 
